BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Chronic oral haloperidol and clozapine in rats: A behavioral evaluation. 1999

U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Germany.

The present study evaluated chronic oral treatment of rats with haloperidol or clozapine. Drugs were given in the drinking water for a 23-day period. Rat behavior was analyzed once a week in an open field. Rats ingested either 1.7 mg/kg haloperidol or 40 mg/kg clozapine daily. Blood serum analysis revealed concentrations of 6 ng/ml for haloperidol and 22 ng/ml for clozapine at the end of the treatment. Haloperidol decreased overall activity from the onset of treatment. Clozapine showed similar effects only on the last test day. Control animals showed a slight habituation in exploration-related parameters. In conclusion, these results indicate that oral drug administration through the drinking water is a suitable mode of noninvasive chronic treatment that led to sufficiently high drug levels to induce specific pharmacological effects in rats.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008124 Locomotion Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Locomotor Activity,Activities, Locomotor,Activity, Locomotor,Locomotor Activities
D003024 Clozapine A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent. Clozaril,Leponex
D004409 Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199) Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced,Medication-Induced Dyskinesia,Drug-Induced Dyskinesia,Drug-Induced Dyskinesias,Dyskinesia, Drug Induced,Dyskinesia, Medication Induced,Dyskinesias, Drug-Induced,Dyskinesias, Medication-Induced,Medication Induced Dyskinesia,Medication-Induced Dyskinesias
D005106 Exploratory Behavior The tendency to explore or investigate a novel environment. It is considered a motivation not clearly distinguishable from curiosity. Curiosity,Novelty-Seeking Behavior,Behavior, Exploratory,Behavior, Novelty-Seeking,Behaviors, Exploratory,Behaviors, Novelty-Seeking,Curiosities,Exploratory Behaviors,Novelty Seeking Behavior,Novelty-Seeking Behaviors
D005260 Female Females
D006185 Habituation, Psychophysiologic The disappearance of responsiveness to a repeated stimulation. It does not include drug habituation. Habituation (Psychophysiology),Habituation, Psychophysiological,Psychophysiologic Habituation,Psychophysiological Habituation,Habituations (Psychophysiology)
D006220 Haloperidol A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) Haldol
D000284 Administration, Oral The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth. Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D000704 Analysis of Variance A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable. ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

Related Publications

U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Influence of haloperidol and clozapine on some behavioral effects in rats.
January 2006, Arzneimittel-Forschung,
U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Behavioral resistance to haloperidol and clozapine.
May 1999, Behavioural processes,
U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Chronic haloperidol, but not clozapine, produces altered oral movements and increased extracellular glutamate in rats.
October 1994, European journal of pharmacology,
U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Behavioral evidence for supersensitivity after chronic administration of haloperidol, clozapine, and thioridazine.
September 1976, Life sciences,
U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Effect of environmental cues on the behavioral efficacy of haloperidol, olanzapine, and clozapine in rats.
August 2014, Behavioural pharmacology,
U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Behavioral and biochemical aspects of neuroleptic-induced dopaminergic supersensitivity: studies with chronic clozapine and haloperidol.
January 1982, Psychopharmacology,
U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Behavioral evidence of depolarization block of dopamine neurons after chronic treatment with haloperidol and clozapine.
February 2000, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience,
U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Chronic haloperidol and clozapine administration increases the number of cortical NMDA receptors in rats.
April 1999, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology,
U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Neuropeptide Y mRNA expression levels following chronic olanzapine, clozapine and haloperidol administration in rats.
June 2006, Neuropeptides,
U Schmitt, and N Dahmen, and V Fischer, and H Weigmann, and M L Rao, and S Reuss, and C Hiemke
Behavioral effects of sertindole, risperidone, clozapine and haloperidol in Cebus monkeys.
March 1996, Psychopharmacology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!