Are contact allergens stable in patch test preparations? Investigation of the degradation of d-limonene hydroperoxides in petrolatum. 1999

U Nilsson, and K Magnusson, and O Karlberg, and A T Karlberg
University of Stockholm, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Sweden.

Several of the products formed after oxidation of d-limonene exhibit strong contact allergenic properties. Some, e.g., the hydroperoxides, are unstable compounds. In this study, we have examined whether the limonene hydroperoxides are chemically stable in white petrolatum used for patch testing. We found that the stability of the hydroperoxides was strongly dependent on whether or not the petrolatum was stabilized with alpha-tocopheryl acetate. In the presence of this antioxidant, the hydroperoxides were degraded to a greater extent. The hydroperoxides were shown to be directly reduced to the corresponding alcohols by this agent. On the other hand, the compounds where shown to be stable in non-stabilized petrolatum throughout clinical patch testing for a period of 6 weeks, provided that the preparations were stored in a refrigerator when not used. Thus, it is recommended that vehicles without alpha-tocopheryl acetate are used when peroxy or hydroperoxy compounds are patch tested or used in sensitization experiments. However, it is important to limit the storage time so that optimal conditions are at hand. A fast method was developed to enable isolation and quantification of the hydroperoxides in white petrolatum. This analytical method may also be applicable to other compositions of patch test preparations.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008401 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds. Chromatography, Gas-Liquid-Mass Spectrometry,Chromatography, Gas-Mass Spectrometry,GCMS,Spectrometry, Mass-Gas Chromatography,Spectrum Analysis, Mass-Gas Chromatography,Gas-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry-Gas Chromatography,Chromatography, Gas Liquid Mass Spectrometry,Chromatography, Gas Mass Spectrometry,Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry-Gas,Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Gas,Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Gas-Liquid,Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,Gas Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry Gas Chromatography,Spectrometries, Mass-Gas Chromatography,Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography-Mass,Spectrometry, Gas-Liquid Chromatography-Mass,Spectrometry, Mass Gas Chromatography,Spectrometry-Gas Chromatography, Mass,Spectrum Analysis, Mass Gas Chromatography
D010328 Patch Tests Skin tests in which the sensitizer is applied to a patch of cotton cloth or gauze held in place for approximately 48-72 hours. It is used for the elicitation of a contact hypersensitivity reaction. Patch Testing,Patch Test,Patch Testings,Test, Patch,Testing, Patch,Testings, Patch,Tests, Patch
D010545 Peroxides A group of compounds that contain a bivalent O-O group, i.e., the oxygen atoms are univalent. They can either be inorganic or organic in nature. Such compounds release atomic (nascent) oxygen readily. Thus they are strong oxidizing agents and fire hazards when in contact with combustible materials, especially under high-temperature conditions. The chief industrial uses of peroxides are as oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and initiators of polymerization. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Peroxide
D010577 Petrolatum A colloidal system of semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from PETROLEUM. It is used as an ointment base, topical protectant, and lubricant. Paraffin Jelly,Petroleum Jelly,Petrolatum, Hydrophilic,Petrolatum, White,Vaseline,Hydrophilic Petrolatum,Jelly, Paraffin,Jelly, Petroleum,White Petrolatum
D002851 Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed. Chromatography, High Performance Liquid,Chromatography, High Speed Liquid,Chromatography, Liquid, High Pressure,HPLC,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC,Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid,High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies,Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance
D004339 Drug Compounding The preparation, mixing, and assembly of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814). Drug Formulation,Drug Preparation,Drug Microencapsulation,Pharmaceutical Formulation,Compounding, Drug,Formulation, Drug,Formulation, Pharmaceutical,Microencapsulation, Drug,Preparation, Drug
D004355 Drug Stability The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product. Drug Shelf Life,Drugs Shelf Lives,Shelf Life, Drugs,Drug Stabilities,Drugs Shelf Life,Drugs Shelf Live,Life, Drugs Shelf,Shelf Life, Drug,Shelf Live, Drugs,Shelf Lives, Drugs
D004356 Drug Storage The process of keeping pharmaceutical products in an appropriate location. Drug Storages,Storage, Drug,Storages, Drug
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077222 Limonene A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (+)-(R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene,(+)-Limonene,(-)-Limonene,(4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene,(4S)-1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene,(D)-Limonene,(R)-(+)-Limonene,(R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene,1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene,4-Mentha-1,8-diene,AISA 5203-L (+)Limonene,Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)-,Dipentene,Limonene, (+)-,Limonene, (+-)-,Limonene, (+-)-isomer,Limonene, (R)-isomer,Limonene, (S)-isomer,d-Limonene,4 Mentha 1,8 diene,d Limonene

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