Biomaterial Database

Clinical efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil. Candesartan Study Groups in Japan. 1999

T Ogihara, and K Arakawa

Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.

Clinical trials of candesartan cilexetil conducted in Japan are reviewed. Candesartan cilexetil inhibited the pressor response to intravenous angiotensin II in healthy volunteers, with peak effects observed at 4 or 8 h after oral dosing; suppressing effects persisted up to 24 h. In 14 multicentre studies with 928 hypertensive patients treated for 8 to 12 weeks, candesartan cilexetil had an efficacy rate (reduction of systolic/diastolic blood pressure > or = 20/10 mm Hg and/or mean blood pressure > or = 13 mm Hg) of 72% and 63%, and an adverse effect rate of 9.9% and 7.3%, in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension and those with impaired renal function, respectively. When data for elderly patients were analysed, there was no difference in efficacy and tolerability compared to non-elderly patients. In a double-blind comparative study, candesartan cilexetil was superior to enalapril in hypertensive patients: efficacy rate, 74% vs 66% (NS); adverse symptom rate, 10.4% vs 27.3% (P < 0.01); incidence of cough, 1.5% vs 14.8% (P < 0.01). Treatment with 2-8 mg of candesartan cilexetil once daily for 8 to 12 weeks reduced the left ventricular mass index without deterioration of cardiac function. In conclusion, 4-12 mg of candesartan cilexetil once daily is effective and well tolerated in patients with essential hypertension, including elderly patients, those with severe hypertension, and hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency. Its improved tolerability profile over angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, as well as its end-organ protective effects, suggest that candesartan cilexetil is useful as a first-line antihypertensive drug.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D006973	Hypertension	Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	Blood Pressure, High,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Pressures
D007564	Japan	A country in eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula. The capital is Tokyo.	Bonin Islands
D001794	Blood Pressure	PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.	Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D002940	Circadian Rhythm	The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs or environmental and physiological stimuli.	Diurnal Rhythm,Nyctohemeral Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythm,Nycthemeral Rhythm,Circadian Rhythms,Diurnal Rhythms,Nycthemeral Rhythms,Nyctohemeral Rhythms,Rhythm, Circadian,Rhythm, Diurnal,Rhythm, Nycthemeral,Rhythm, Nyctohemeral,Rhythm, Twenty-Four Hour,Rhythms, Circadian,Rhythms, Diurnal,Rhythms, Nycthemeral,Rhythms, Nyctohemeral,Rhythms, Twenty-Four Hour,Twenty Four Hour Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythms
D004656	Enalapril	An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.	Enalapril Maleate,MK-421,MK421,Renitec,Renitek,MK 421,Maleate, Enalapril
D005500	Follow-Up Studies	Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.	Followup Studies,Follow Up Studies,Follow-Up Study,Followup Study,Studies, Follow-Up,Studies, Followup,Study, Follow-Up,Study, Followup
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000284	Administration, Oral	The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.	Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D000368	Aged	A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available.	Elderly
D000806	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors	A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.	ACE Inhibitor,ACE Inhibitors,Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor,Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor,Kininase II Inhibitor,Kininase II Inhibitors,Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Antagonists,Antagonists, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme,Antagonists, Kininase II,Inhibitors, ACE,Inhibitors, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme,Inhibitors, Kininase II,Kininase II Antagonists,Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Antagonists,Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors,Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitor,Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitors,Antagonists, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme,Enzyme Antagonists, Angiotensin-Converting,Enzyme Inhibitor, Angiotensin-Converting,Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin-Converting,II Inhibitor, Kininase,Inhibitor, ACE,Inhibitor, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme,Inhibitor, Kininase II,Inhibitors, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme