Biomaterial Database

Human insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) is a primary progesterone response gene. 1999

L Vassen, and W Wegrzyn, and L Klein-Hitpass

Institut für Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung) Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany.

Elevated cAMP has been shown to unmask agonist activity of antiprogestin/antiglucocorticoid RU486. In our search for cellular target genes induced through this cross-talk mechanism, we identified human insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), a cytoplasmic signaling molecule that mediates effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), and other cytokines by acting as a molecular adaptor between diverse receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream effectors. Our analysis of the regulation of IRS-2 in HeLa cell models shows that synergistic induction of IRS-2 by cAMP and RU486 can be mediated by progesterone receptors (PR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and occurs through a relative slow mechanism that requires ongoing protein synthesis. Importantly, we demonstrate that IRS-2 mRNA is also inducible by progesterone, while glucocorticoid effects are only observed in the presence of cAMP. Up-regulation of IRS-2 by progesterone depends strictly on the presence of PR and occurs through a rapid mechanism, suggesting that it represents a primary transcriptional response. Furthermore, we show that expression of IRS-1, which also binds to receptors of insulin, IGF-I, and cytokines, is unaffected by progesterone. Thus, our results demonstrate that progesterone alters the ratio of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in PR-positive cells and implicate a mechanism through which progesterone can modulate the effects of insulin, IGF-I, and cytokines on cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008969	Molecular Sequence Data	Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.	Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D010750	Phosphoproteins		Phosphoprotein
D011374	Progesterone	The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.	Pregnenedione,Progesterone, (13 alpha,17 alpha)-(+-)-Isomer,Progesterone, (17 alpha)-Isomer,Progesterone, (9 beta,10 alpha)-Isomer
D003001	Cloning, Molecular	The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.	Molecular Cloning
D003907	Dexamethasone	An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.	Hexadecadrol,Decaject,Decaject-L.A.,Decameth,Decaspray,Dexasone,Dexpak,Hexadrol,Maxidex,Methylfluorprednisolone,Millicorten,Oradexon,Decaject L.A.
D005786	Gene Expression Regulation	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.	Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D005938	Glucocorticoids	A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.	Glucocorticoid,Glucocorticoid Effect,Glucorticoid Effects,Effect, Glucocorticoid,Effects, Glucorticoid
D006367	HeLa Cells	The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for, among other things, VIRUS CULTIVATION and PRECLINICAL DRUG EVALUATION assays.	Cell, HeLa,Cells, HeLa,HeLa Cell
D006727	Hormone Antagonists	Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.	Antagonists, Hormone
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man