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Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and the snakeweeds (Gutierrezia sarothrae and G. microcephala) are two groups of range plants that are poisonous to livestock. Ponderosa pine causes late-term abortions in cattle, and the snakeweeds are toxic and also cause abortions in cattle, sheep, and goats. Research is underway at the USDA-ARS-Poisonous Plants Research Laboratory to better understand livestock poisonings caused by grazing ponderosa pine needles and the snakeweeds and to provide methods of reducing losses to the livestock and supporting industries. This review includes the history of the problem, a brief description of the signs of poisoning, the research, to identify the chemical toxins, and current management practices on prevention of poisonings.
D R Gardner, and
L F James, and
K E Panter, and
J A Pfister, and
M H Ralphs, and
B L Stegelmeier
December 1963,
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D R Gardner, and
L F James, and
K E Panter, and
J A Pfister, and
M H Ralphs, and
B L Stegelmeier
December 2002,
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D R Gardner, and
L F James, and
K E Panter, and
J A Pfister, and
M H Ralphs, and
B L Stegelmeier
October 2004,
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D R Gardner, and
L F James, and
K E Panter, and
J A Pfister, and
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B L Stegelmeier
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L F James, and
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J A Pfister, and
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B L Stegelmeier
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D R Gardner, and
L F James, and
K E Panter, and
J A Pfister, and
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B L Stegelmeier
November 2020,
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D R Gardner, and
L F James, and
K E Panter, and
J A Pfister, and
M H Ralphs, and
B L Stegelmeier
September 1988,
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D R Gardner, and
L F James, and
K E Panter, and
J A Pfister, and
M H Ralphs, and
B L Stegelmeier
November 2007,
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D R Gardner, and
L F James, and
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M H Ralphs, and
B L Stegelmeier
December 1993,
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D R Gardner, and
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B L Stegelmeier
February 2000,
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