Effect of chloroform, xylene, and halothane on enamel and dentin microhardness of human teeth. 1999

I Rotstein, and N Cohenca, and E Teperovich, and J Moshonov, and C Mor, and I Roman, and I Gedalia
Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the effect of commonly used gutta-percha solvents on the microhardness of human enamel and dentin. METHODS Crowns of human teeth were cut and treated with chloroform, xylene, and halothane. Treatment consisted of exposing the specimens for 5 or 15 minutes to the test solvents. Acid-treated and saline-treated specimens served as controls. After each treatment period, the specimens were rinsed, dried, and prepared for Vicker's microhardness analysis. Vicker's microhardness values for each specimen were recorded before and after treatment, and the differences were statistically compared. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease in enamel and dentin microhardness was found in most solvent-treated groups; the amount of the decrease was directly related to the exposure time. CONCLUSIONS Chloroform, xylene, and halothane may cause a significant softening effect on both enamel and dentin. This softening is already apparent after 5 minutes of treatment.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002725 Chloroform A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity. Trichloromethane
D003743 Dental Enamel A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286) Enamel,Enamel Cuticle,Dental Enamels,Enamel, Dental,Enamels, Dental,Cuticle, Enamel,Cuticles, Enamel,Enamel Cuticles,Enamels
D003747 Dental Enamel Solubility The susceptibility of the DENTAL ENAMEL to dissolution. Enamel Solubility, Dental,Solubility, Dental Enamel
D003804 Dentin The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992) Dentine,Dentines,Dentins
D003808 Dentin Solubility The susceptibility of the DENTIN to dissolution. Dentin Solubilities,Solubilities, Dentin,Solubility, Dentin
D006171 Gutta-Percha Coagulated exudate isolated from several species of the tropical tree Palaquium (Sapotaceae). It is the trans-isomer of natural rubber and is used as a filling and impression material in dentistry and orthopedics and as an insulator in electronics. It has also been used as a rubber substitute. Thermafil,Guttapercha,Ultrafil,Gutta Percha
D006221 Halothane A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178) 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane,Fluothane,Ftorotan,Narcotan
D006244 Hardness The mechanical property of material that determines its resistance to force. HARDNESS TESTS measure this property. Hardnesses
D006245 Hardness Tests A test to determine the relative HARDNESS of a metal, mineral, or other material according to one of several scales, such as Brinell, Mohs, Rockwell, Vickers, or Shore. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). Hardness Test,Test, Hardness,Tests, Hardness
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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