-transparent.png){kind=logo}
A study of 500 normal erect posteroanterior chest radiographs was undertaken to determine the incidence of visualization and size of the left superior intercostal vein in normal individuals. The vein produces a small "nipple" lateral to the aortic knob on 1.4% of normal erect posteroanterior chest films; its diameter can be up to 4.5 mm in normal patients. Dilatation of the vein beyond 4.5 mm is a useful sign of a circulatory abnormality warranting further study. Dilatation may be due to absence of the inferior vena cava, hypoplasia of the left innominate vein, congestive failure, portal hypertension, Budd-Chiari syndrome, or superior or inferior vena caval obstruction. The differential diagnosis of an enlarged left superior intercostal vein includes mediastinal mass, especially lymphadenopathy, and aneurysm of the arch of the aorta.
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
April 1975,
Journal de radiologie, d'electrologie, et de medecine nucleaire,
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
September 1970,
Radiology,
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
January 1985,
VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten,
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
August 1982,
Radiology,
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
October 1987,
RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin,
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
January 2011,
Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis,
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
January 2011,
Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis,
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
March 2011,
Radiology and oncology,
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
January 1975,
Grudnaia khirurgiia (Moscow, Russia),
A C Friedman, and
E Chambers, and
S Sprayregen
August 2008,
Journal of thoracic imaging,
