Biomaterial Database

Visual acuity tests using chart, line, and single optotype in healthy and amblyopic children. 1999

Y Morad, and E Werker, and P Nemet

Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference between full chart, single line, and single optotypes visual acuity (VA) test results in healthy and amblyopic children. METHODS Thirty-five children with amblyopia (20 with strabismus and 15 with anisometropia) and 40 ophthalmologically normal age-matched children were examined. The mean age of the patients in the study and control groups did not differ significantly (P= .9). A commercial projector that projected tumbling-E randomly placed optotypes was used. The VA of the amblyopic eye of the patients in the study group and the right eye of the patients in the control group was examined first using a full chart of optotypes, then using a single line of optotypes, and finally with individual symbols. The procedure was repeated with the other eye. RESULTS LogMAR VA improved when the full chart was substituted with a single line, and improved by a similar increment further with single optotypes, in both the study and control groups. VA improved significantly more in eyes with amblyopia than in control subjects. Results were not influenced by age. CONCLUSIONS VA testing using a single line gives better, sometimes misleading results, than tests with a full chart because it reduces but does not eliminate the crowding effect. When using a device that can employ more than 1 mode, the exacttest mode should be specified and maintained throughout the follow-up.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009988	Orthoptics	The study and treatment of defects in binocular vision resulting from defects in the optic musculature or of faulty visual habits. It involves a technique of eye exercises designed to correct the visual axes of eyes not properly coordinated for binocular vision.	Pleoptics,Orthoptic,Pleoptic
D011379	Prognosis	A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.	Prognostic Factor,Prognostic Factors,Factor, Prognostic,Factors, Prognostic,Prognoses
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D005500	Follow-Up Studies	Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.	Followup Studies,Follow Up Studies,Follow-Up Study,Followup Study,Studies, Follow-Up,Studies, Followup,Study, Follow-Up,Study, Followup
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000550	Amblyopia	A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.	Anisometropic Amblyopia,Lazy Eye,Amblyopia, Developmental,Amblyopia, Stimulus Deprivation-Induced,Amblyopia, Suppression,Stimulus Deprivation-Induced Amblyopia,Amblyopia, Anisometropic,Amblyopia, Stimulus Deprivation Induced,Amblyopias,Amblyopias, Anisometropic,Amblyopias, Developmental,Amblyopias, Stimulus Deprivation-Induced,Amblyopias, Suppression,Anisometropic Amblyopias,Deprivation-Induced Amblyopia, Stimulus,Deprivation-Induced Amblyopias, Stimulus,Developmental Amblyopia,Developmental Amblyopias,Eye, Lazy,Eyes, Lazy,Lazy Eyes,Stimulus Deprivation Induced Amblyopia,Stimulus Deprivation-Induced Amblyopias,Suppression Amblyopia,Suppression Amblyopias
D012680	Sensitivity and Specificity	Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	Specificity,Sensitivity,Specificity and Sensitivity
D014787	Vision Tests	A series of tests used to assess various functions of the eyes.	Test, Vision,Tests, Vision,Vision Test
D014792	Visual Acuity	Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.	Acuities, Visual,Acuity, Visual,Visual Acuities