Biomaterial Database

[Role of adrenergic mechanisms in the regulation of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzyme activity in the liver of white rats]. 1976

M V Sholukh, and A T Pikulev

Cytoplasmic (c) and mitochondrial (m) isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) (EC 2.6.1.1) were isolated from white rat liver tissue by means of electrophoresis in agar gel. For the enzymes Km values, pH optima were estimated and conditions, suitable for the reaction, were studied. On the basis of activating effectiveness on c-AAT the catecholamines were arranged in decreasing order as follows: adrenaline, isadrine, noradrenaline. Towards the m-AAT the series was: noradrenaline, isadrine, adrenaline. Obsidane decreased the action of adrenaline more effectively than it did isadrine. Phentholamine did not alter the effect of noradrenalin on c-AAT, but distinctly decreased the m-AAT activity. Beta-adrenergic receptor, but not alpha-receptor, participated in regulation of the AAT isozymes activity. Adrenaline promoted and isadrine inhibited the penetration of m-AAT into cytoplasma. Obsidane increased the effect of these catecholamines. After administration of phentholamine an increase in the AAT activity was caused by an increase in content of catecholamines in the organism.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007527	Isoenzymes	Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.	Alloenzyme,Allozyme,Isoenzyme,Isozyme,Isozymes,Alloenzymes,Allozymes
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D008930	Mitochondria, Liver	Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)	Liver Mitochondria,Liver Mitochondrion,Mitochondrion, Liver
D011941	Receptors, Adrenergic	Cell-surface proteins that bind epinephrine and/or norepinephrine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. The two major classes of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta, were originally discriminated based on their cellular actions but now are distinguished by their relative affinity for characteristic synthetic ligands. Adrenergic receptors may also be classified according to the subtypes of G-proteins with which they bind; this scheme does not respect the alpha-beta distinction.	Adrenergic Receptors,Adrenoceptor,Adrenoceptors,Norepinephrine Receptor,Receptors, Epinephrine,Receptors, Norepinephrine,Adrenergic Receptor,Epinephrine Receptors,Norepinephrine Receptors,Receptor, Adrenergic,Receptor, Norepinephrine
D002384	Catalysis	The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.	Catalyses
D003593	Cytoplasm	The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)	Protoplasm,Cytoplasms,Protoplasms
D004789	Enzyme Activation	Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.	Activation, Enzyme,Activations, Enzyme,Enzyme Activations
D000586	Amination	The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.	Aminations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia