The objective of this study was to investigate the role of amylin (a pancreatic hormone) in regulating metabolism in support of lactation. Rat amylin was infused (320 pmol.kg LW(-1).h(-1)) for 6 h via an external pudic (mammary) artery into six lactating goats. This dose of amylin led to a sixfold increase in plasma concentrations of amylin relative to baseline. Amylin infusion increased plasma concentrations (jugular) of glucose and NEFA up to 16 and 168%, respectively, relative to saline infusion. In contrast, plasma concentrations of Ca and PO4 during amylin infusion were reduced by 18 and 30%, respectively, relative to saline infusion. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, and Mg were not different between the two treatments, although IGF-I concentrations in the amylin-infused group, 1 and 6 h postinfusion, were significantly higher than those in the saline-infused group. Similarly, amylin infusion failed to affect milk yield and major constituents of milk except protein; milk protein content decreased progressively until the end of amylin infusion and remained low thereafter. Amylin also had no effect on minerals in milk (Ca, PO4, Mg, Fe, Sr, S, K, or Na) except Zn, which was significantly decreased from 56.8+/-5.8 micromol/L at 0 h to 44.5+/-2.4 micromol/L at 6 h postinfusion. Mammary blood flow (measured with a transit-time blood flow probe) increased up to 26% during amylin infusion, although this effect lasted only for the first 3 h. In conclusion, amylin increased plasma concentrations of glucose and NEFA, and mammary blood flow, while decreasing plasma concentrations of Ca and PO4. Despite these metabolic changes, amylin infusion did not increase milk yield of lactating goats.