Predicting vehicle effects on the dermal absorption of halogenated methanes using physiologically based modeling. 1999

G W Jepson, and J N McDougal
U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, AFRL/HEST, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7400, USA.

Occupational and environmental settings present opportunities for humans to come into contact with a variety of chemicals via the dermal route. The chemicals contacting the skin are likely to be diluted with a vehicle or present as a component of a mixture. In order to support risk assessment activities, we evaluated the vehicle effects on dermal penetration of two halogenated hydrocarbons, dibromomethane (DBM) and bromochloromethane (BCM). In vivo exposures to 15 combinations of of these in water, mineral oil, and corn oil vehicles were conducted, and blood was sampled for dibromomethane and bromochloromethane during the exposure at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to estimate the total amounts of dibromomethane or bromochloromethane that were absorbed during the exposure, and the dermal permeability coefficients were determined. While the permeability coefficients for dibromomethane and bromochloromethane were approximately 73- and 40-fold higher, respectively, in the water vehicle than in the corn oil, the permeability coefficient, when normalized for the skin:vehicle matrix partition coefficient, varied by less than a factor of 2. The permeability in an aqueous vehicle was then successfully used to predict the permeability coefficient for dibromomethane in a nonpolar vehicle, peanut oil.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008954 Models, Biological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D009153 Mutagens Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. Clastogen,Clastogens,Genotoxin,Genotoxins,Mutagen
D010539 Permeability Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions. Permeabilities
D011916 Rats, Inbred F344 An inbred strain of rat that is used for general BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH purposes. Fischer Rats,Rats, Inbred CDF,Rats, Inbred Fischer 344,Rats, F344,Rats, Inbred Fisher 344,CDF Rat, Inbred,CDF Rats, Inbred,F344 Rat,F344 Rat, Inbred,F344 Rats,F344 Rats, Inbred,Inbred CDF Rat,Inbred CDF Rats,Inbred F344 Rat,Inbred F344 Rats,Rat, F344,Rat, Inbred CDF,Rat, Inbred F344,Rats, Fischer
D002845 Chromatography Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts. Chromatographies
D006842 Hydrocarbons, Brominated Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more HYDROGEN atoms substituted with BROMINE. Brominated Hydrocarbons
D006846 Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more HYDROGEN atoms substituted with HALOGENS. Halogenated Hydrocarbons
D000279 Administration, Cutaneous The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects. Cutaneous Drug Administration,Dermal Drug Administration,Drug Administration, Dermal,Percutaneous Administration,Skin Drug Administration,Transcutaneous Administration,Transdermal Administration,Administration, Dermal,Administration, Transcutaneous,Administration, Transdermal,Cutaneous Administration,Cutaneous Administration, Drug,Dermal Administration,Drug Administration, Cutaneous,Skin Administration, Drug,Administration, Cutaneous Drug,Administration, Dermal Drug,Administration, Percutaneous,Administrations, Cutaneous,Administrations, Cutaneous Drug,Administrations, Dermal,Administrations, Dermal Drug,Administrations, Percutaneous,Administrations, Transcutaneous,Administrations, Transdermal,Cutaneous Administrations,Cutaneous Administrations, Drug,Cutaneous Drug Administrations,Dermal Administrations,Dermal Drug Administrations,Drug Administrations, Cutaneous,Drug Administrations, Dermal,Drug Skin Administrations,Percutaneous Administrations,Skin Administrations, Drug,Skin Drug Administrations,Transcutaneous Administrations,Transdermal Administrations
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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