Biomaterial Database

Effects of 2-bromopropane on spermatogenesis in the Sprague-Dawley rat. 1999

H Y Son, and Y B Kim, and B H Kang, and S W Cho, and C S Ha, and J K Roh

Screening & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejon, Republic of Korea. hyson@pado.krict.re.kr

In 1995, 2-bromopropane (2-BP) was associated with occupational reproductive and hematopoietic toxicity in Korea. The effect of 2-BP on spermatogenesis, or Leydig cells, has not been determined in adult rats. In the present study, 40 ten-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated orally with 3.5 g/kg/d of 2-BP for 3 consecutive days. At 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, 42, and 70 d after treatment, testes were perfused with Karnovsky's solution or immersed in Bouin's solution, embedded in plastic or Epon and evaluated with light and electron microscopy. DNA ploidy distributions of testicular suspensions were determined by flow cytometry, which allowed comparison of quantitative spermatogenesis with histopathologic observations. Degeneration of spermatogonia was observed during Stages I-IV in seminiferous tubules on Day 1 after treatment. Spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells appeared normal in the early stage of the study. Whereas spermatid retention in Stages IX-XI was observed on Day 7 after treatment, depletion of spermatocytes and spermatids continued over time, followed by a marked increase of germ cells on Day 42 after treatment. However, the seminiferous tubules did not completely recover by study termination. Leydig cell cellularity increased mildly without any significant morphologic modification at the end of the study. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), showed an increased number of immunoreactive Leydig cells in the interstitium. In the flow cytometry analysis, proportions of diploid and tetraploid cells gradually decreased time-dependently until Day 28 after treatment, but showed an increase on Day 42, followed by a decrease on Day 70 after treatment. These data are strengthened by qualitative descriptions of lesions observed by histopathology. These results suggest that a high dose of 2-BP can decrease spermatogenesis by adversely affecting spermatogonia followed by depletion of spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa, with subsequent testicular atrophy. The atrophied testes may not regenerate completely. The number of Leydig cells may increase mildly with 10 weeks of recovery.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007150	Immunohistochemistry	Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.	Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D007985	Leydig Cells	Steroid-producing cells in the interstitial tissue of the TESTIS. They are under the regulation of PITUITARY HORMONES; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. TESTOSTERONE is the major androgen (ANDROGENS) produced.	Interstitial Cells, Testicular,Leydig Cell,Testicular Interstitial Cell,Testicular Interstitial Cells,Cell, Leydig,Cell, Testicular Interstitial,Cells, Leydig,Cells, Testicular Interstitial,Interstitial Cell, Testicular
D008297	Male		Males
D008854	Microscopy, Electron	Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.	Electron Microscopy
D004247	DNA	A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).	DNA, Double-Stranded,Deoxyribonucleic Acid,ds-DNA,DNA, Double Stranded,Double-Stranded DNA,ds DNA
D005434	Flow Cytometry	Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.	Cytofluorometry, Flow,Cytometry, Flow,Flow Microfluorimetry,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting,Microfluorometry, Flow,Cell Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated,Cell Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated,Cytofluorometries, Flow,Cytometries, Flow,Flow Cytofluorometries,Flow Cytofluorometry,Flow Cytometries,Flow Microfluorometries,Flow Microfluorometry,Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sortings,Microfluorimetry, Flow,Microfluorometries, Flow,Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated Cell,Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated Cell
D006842	Hydrocarbons, Brominated	Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more HYDROGEN atoms substituted with BROMINE.	Brominated Hydrocarbons
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012671	Seminiferous Tubules	The convoluted tubules in the TESTIS where sperm are produced (SPERMATOGENESIS) and conveyed to the RETE TESTIS. Spermatogenic tubules are composed of developing germ cells and the supporting SERTOLI CELLS.	Seminiferous Tubule,Tubule, Seminiferous,Tubules, Seminiferous
D012708	Sertoli Cells	Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete the ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.	Sertoli Cell,Cell, Sertoli,Cells, Sertoli