Biomaterial Database

Gene encoding polygalacturonase inhibitor in apple fruit is developmentally regulated and activated by wounding and fungal infection. 1999

C Yao, and W S Conway, and R Ren, and D Smith, and G S Ross, and C E Sams

Horticultural Crops Quality Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.

A cDNA encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) from mature apple fruit has been cloned and characterized. The open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 330 amino acids, in which 24 amino acids at the N-terminus comprise the signal peptide. Apple PGIP contains 10 imperfect leucine-rich repeat sequence motifs averaging 24 amino acids in length. In addition to the 1.3 kb PGIP transcript, the cloned cDNA also hybridized to RNA molecules with sizes of 3.2 and 5.0 kb. Genomic DNA analysis revealed that the apple PGIP probably belongs to a small family of genes. PGIP transcript levels varied in fruit collected at different maturities, suggesting the gene is developmentally regulated. Very high PGIP transcript levels were detected in decayed areas and the tissue adjacent to the inoculation sites of Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea. However, no increase in the amount of PGIP transcript in tissue distant from the decayed region was observed. Wounding on fruit also induced PGIP gene expression but to a much lessser extent when compared with decayed areas. After storage at 0 degrees C for 1 month, the abundance of PGIP transcript in ripe fruit was substantially increased. The PGIP gene in immature and ripe fruit was rapidly up-regulated by fungal infections, while in stored fruit the induction was very limited and concurred with an increase of fruit susceptibility to fungal colonization. Since PGIP gene expression is regulated by fruit development and responds to wounding, fungal infection and cold storage, these observations suggest that apple PGIP may have multiple roles during fruit development and stress response.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008969	Molecular Sequence Data	Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.	Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D010407	Penicillium	A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.	Penicilliums
D010935	Plant Diseases	Diseases of plants.	Disease, Plant,Diseases, Plant,Plant Disease
D010940	Plant Proteins	Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which PLANT PROTEINS, DIETARY is available.	Plant Protein,Protein, Plant,Proteins, Plant
D003001	Cloning, Molecular	The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.	Molecular Cloning
D003080	Cold Temperature	An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.	Cold,Cold Temperatures,Temperature, Cold,Temperatures, Cold
D003904	Mitosporic Fungi	A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.	Deuteromycetes,Deuteromycota,Fungi imperfecti,Fungi, Mitosporic,Hyphomycetes,Deuteromycete,Deuteromycotas,Fungi imperfectus,Fungus, Mitosporic,Hyphomycete,Mitosporic Fungus,imperfectus, Fungi
D005638	Fruit	The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.	Berries,Legume Pod,Plant Aril,Plant Capsule,Aril, Plant,Arils, Plant,Berry,Capsule, Plant,Capsules, Plant,Fruits,Legume Pods,Plant Arils,Plant Capsules,Pod, Legume,Pods, Legume
D000595	Amino Acid Sequence	The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.	Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D012333	RNA, Messenger	RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.	Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated