The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of 0.12% chlorhexidine, 1% NaOCl, and 5% NaOCl. Root sections were enlarged and the smear layer was removed in half of the specimens. The specimens were fixed in the wells of tissue culture plates. Each root canal was dispensed with an inoculum of Candida albicans. After 10 days, the root sections were treated with 3 ml of either disinfectant solution for 1 min, 5 min, 30 min, and 1 h. Then, root sections were incubated in test tubes having Sabouraud's Dextrose Broth at 37 degrees C for 24 h. In the presence of the smear layer, antifungal activity was observed only in 1-h treatment groups for all solutions. However, in the absence of the smear layer, 5% NaOCl alone started to show antifungal activity after 30 min. The antimicrobial effectiveness of irrigating solutions should be re-evaluated, particularly in patients predisposed to oral candidiasis.