Biomaterial Database

Bound and free light chains in serum from patients affected with various neurological diseases. 1979

F Bollengier

Six immunological parameters, of which the most important are the quantitative distribution of the free light chains, and the kappa-lambda ratios of both bound and free light chains, were investigated in serum of patients affected with various neurological disorders and compared to controls. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and viral encephalitis, which are diseases characterized by hyperimmunisation against definite antigens, are accompanied by a considerable quantitative increase in free light chains; in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis serum there is an increase of both free kappa and lambda chains, whereas in viral encephalitis serum the increase of free light chains were restricted to lambda chains. There is a good correlation between the kappa-lambda ratio of, on the one hand, bound light chains and, on the other hand, free light chains for controls and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis; but in multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and viral encephalitis, the ratios for bound light chains are totally different from ratios for free light chains. A general kappa increase, which we earlier reported for bound light chains in 16 cases of multiple sclerosis, was not confirmed by the investigation of an additional 26 cases: kappa decrease was also noticed in a considerable number of cases.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007074	Immunoglobulin G	The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.	Gamma Globulin, 7S,IgG,IgG Antibody,Allerglobuline,IgG(T),IgG1,IgG2,IgG2A,IgG2B,IgG3,IgG4,Immunoglobulin GT,Polyglobin,7S Gamma Globulin,Antibody, IgG,GT, Immunoglobulin
D007145	Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains	One of the types of light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.	Ig kappa Chains,Immunoglobulins, kappa-Chain,kappa-Immunoglobulin Light Chains,Immunoglobulin kappa-Chain,kappa-Chain Immunoglobulins,kappa-Immunoglobulin Light Chain,kappa-Immunoglobulin Subgroup VK-12,kappa-Immunoglobulin Subgroup VK-21,Chains, Ig kappa,Immunoglobulin kappa Chain,Immunoglobulin kappa Chains,Immunoglobulins, kappa Chain,Light Chain, kappa-Immunoglobulin,Light Chains, kappa-Immunoglobulin,kappa Chain Immunoglobulins,kappa Chains, Ig,kappa Immunoglobulin Light Chain,kappa Immunoglobulin Light Chains,kappa Immunoglobulin Subgroup VK 12,kappa Immunoglobulin Subgroup VK 21,kappa-Chain, Immunoglobulin,kappa-Chains, Immunoglobulin
D007146	Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains	One of the types of light chain subunits of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.	Ig lambda Chains,Immunoglobulins, lambda-Chain,Immunoglobulin lambda-Chain,lambda-1-Immunoglobulin,lambda-2-Immunoglobulin,lambda-Chain Immunoglobulins,lambda-Immunoglobulin Light Chain,lambda-Immunoglobulin Light Chains,lambda-x Immunoglobulin,Chains, Ig lambda,Chains, lambda-Immunoglobulin Light,Immunoglobulin lambda Chain,Immunoglobulin lambda Chains,Immunoglobulin, lambda-x,Immunoglobulins, lambda Chain,Light Chain, lambda-Immunoglobulin,Light Chains, lambda-Immunoglobulin,lambda 1 Immunoglobulin,lambda 2 Immunoglobulin,lambda Chain Immunoglobulins,lambda Chains, Ig,lambda Immunoglobulin Light Chain,lambda Immunoglobulin Light Chains,lambda x Immunoglobulin,lambda-Chain, Immunoglobulin,lambda-Chains, Immunoglobulin
D007147	Immunoglobulin Light Chains	Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. Two Ig light chains and two Ig heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) make one immunoglobulin molecule.	Ig Light Chains,Immunoglobulins, Light-Chain,Immunoglobulin Light Chain,Immunoglobulin Light-Chain,Light-Chain Immunoglobulins,Chains, Ig Light,Chains, Immunoglobulin Light,Immunoglobulins, Light Chain,Light Chain Immunoglobulins,Light Chain, Immunoglobulin,Light Chains, Ig,Light Chains, Immunoglobulin,Light-Chain, Immunoglobulin
D009103	Multiple Sclerosis	An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	MS (Multiple Sclerosis),Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Fulminating,Sclerosis, Disseminated,Disseminated Sclerosis,Sclerosis, Multiple
D009422	Nervous System Diseases	Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	Neurologic Disorders,Nervous System Disorders,Neurological Disorders,Disease, Nervous System,Diseases, Nervous System,Disorder, Nervous System,Disorder, Neurologic,Disorder, Neurological,Disorders, Nervous System,Disorders, Neurologic,Disorders, Neurological,Nervous System Disease,Nervous System Disorder,Neurologic Disorder,Neurological Disorder
D004671	Encephalitis, Arbovirus	Infections of the brain caused by arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., arboviruses) primarily from the families TOGAVIRIDAE; FLAVIVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; and RHABDOVIRIDAE. Life cycles of these viruses are characterized by ZOONOSES, with birds and lower mammals serving as intermediate hosts. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) or TICKS. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, alterations of mentation, focal neurologic deficits, and COMA. (From Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Jan;7(1):89-116; Walton, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, 10th ed, p321)	Arthropod-Borne Encephalitis,Australian Encephalitis,Encephalitis, Epidemic,Mosquito-Borne Encephalitis,Murray Valley Encephalitis,Arboviral Encephalitis,Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitis,Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne,Encephalitis, Mosquito-Borne,Epidemic Encephalitis,Viral Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne,Arboviral Encephalitides,Arbovirus Encephalitides,Arbovirus Encephalitis,Arthropod Borne Encephalitis,Arthropod Borne Viral Encephalitis,Arthropod-Borne Encephalitides,Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides,Encephalitis, Arboviral,Encephalitis, Arthropod Borne,Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne Viral,Encephalitis, Australian,Encephalitis, Mosquito Borne,Encephalitis, Murray Valley,Epidemic Encephalitides,Mosquito Borne Encephalitis,Mosquito-Borne Encephalitides,Valley Encephalitis, Murray,Viral Encephalitis, Arthropod Borne
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000690	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Lou Gehrig Disease,Motor Neuron Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis With Dementia,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Guam Form,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex 1,Charcot Disease,Dementia With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Gehrig's Disease,Guam Disease,Guam Form of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Lou Gehrig's Disease,Lou-Gehrigs Disease,ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Parkinsonism Dementia Complex 1,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinsonism Dementia Complex of Guam,Disease, Guam,Disease, Lou-Gehrigs,Gehrig Disease,Gehrigs Disease,Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral
D013344	Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis	A rare, slowly progressive encephalitis caused by chronic infection with the MEASLES VIRUS. The condition occurs primarily in children and young adults, approximately 2-8 years after the initial infection. A gradual decline in intellectual abilities and behavioral alterations are followed by progressive MYOCLONUS; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; SEIZURES; DEMENTIA; autonomic dysfunction; and ATAXIA. DEATH usually occurs 1-3 years after disease onset. Pathologic features include perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, neurophagia, and fibrous gliosis. It is caused by the SSPE virus, which is a defective variant of MEASLES VIRUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp767-8)	Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles,Leukoencephalitis, Subacute Sclerosing,Measles Inclusion Body Encephalitis,Panencephalitis, Subacute Sclerosing,SSPE,Van Bogaert's Leukoencephalitis,Inclusion Body Encephalitis, Measles,Leukoencephalitis, Van Bogaert's,Sclerosing Leukoencephalitis, Subacute,Sclerosing Panencephalitis, Subacute,Leukoencephalitides, Subacute Sclerosing,Leukoencephalitis, Van Bogaert,Leukoencephalitis, Van Bogaerts,Panencephalitides, Subacute Sclerosing,Sclerosing Leukoencephalitides, Subacute,Sclerosing Panencephalitides, Subacute,Subacute Sclerosing Leukoencephalitides,Subacute Sclerosing Leukoencephalitis,Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitides,Van Bogaert Leukoencephalitis,Van Bogaerts Leukoencephalitis