Biomaterial Database

Mitochondrial toxicity induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of antiretroviral-therapy-related lipodystrophy. 1999

K Brinkman, and J A Smeitink, and J A Romijn, and P Reiss

Department of Internal Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. K.Brinkman@OLVG.nl

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can induce a characteristic lipodystrophy syndrome of peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. HIV-1 protease inhibitors are generally believed to be the causal agents, although the syndrome has also been observed with protease-inhibitor-sparing regimens. Here, we postulate that the mitochondrial toxicity of the nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors plays an essential part in the development of this lipodystrophy, similar to the role of mitochondrial defects in the development of multiple symmetrical lipomatosis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008060	Lipodystrophy	A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.	Lipodystrophies
D008069	Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical	A condition characterized by the growth of unencapsulated masses of ADIPOSE TISSUE symmetrically deposited around the neck, shoulders, or other sites around the body.	Benign Symmetrical Lipomatosis,Launois-Bensaude Syndrome,Madelung Disease,Lipodystrophy, Cephalothoracic,Lipomatosis Familial Benign Cervical,Lipomatosis, Familial Benign Cervical,Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetric,Lipomatosis, Nodular Circumscribed,Madelung Neck,Madelung's Disease,Madelung's Neck,Multiple Symmetrical Lipomatosis,Nodular Circumscribed Lipomatosis,Benign Symmetrical Lipomatoses,Cephalothoracic Lipodystrophies,Cephalothoracic Lipodystrophy,Circumscribed Lipomatoses, Nodular,Circumscribed Lipomatosis, Nodular,Disease, Madelung,Disease, Madelung's,Launois Bensaude Syndrome,Lipodystrophies, Cephalothoracic,Lipomatoses, Multiple Symmetric,Lipomatoses, Nodular Circumscribed,Lipomatosis, Benign Symmetrical,Madelungs Disease,Madelungs Neck,Multiple Symmetric Lipomatoses,Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis,Multiple Symmetrical Lipomatoses,Nodular Circumscribed Lipomatoses,Symmetric Lipomatoses, Multiple,Symmetric Lipomatosis, Multiple,Symmetrical Lipomatoses, Multiple,Symmetrical Lipomatosis, Benign,Symmetrical Lipomatosis, Multiple
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D004272	DNA, Mitochondrial	Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.	Mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA
D004359	Drug Therapy, Combination	Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.	Combination Chemotherapy,Polychemotherapy,Chemotherapy, Combination,Combination Drug Therapy,Drug Polytherapy,Therapy, Combination Drug,Chemotherapies, Combination,Combination Chemotherapies,Combination Drug Therapies,Drug Polytherapies,Drug Therapies, Combination,Polychemotherapies,Polytherapies, Drug,Polytherapy, Drug,Therapies, Combination Drug
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015497	HIV-1	The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.	Human immunodeficiency virus 1,HIV-I,Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1,Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Human
D015658	HIV Infections	Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	HTLV-III Infections,HTLV-III-LAV Infections,T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,HIV Coinfection,Coinfection, HIV,Coinfections, HIV,HIV Coinfections,HIV Infection,HTLV III Infections,HTLV III LAV Infections,HTLV-III Infection,HTLV-III-LAV Infection,Infection, HIV,Infection, HTLV-III,Infection, HTLV-III-LAV,Infections, HIV,Infections, HTLV-III,Infections, HTLV-III-LAV,T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human
D017320	HIV Protease Inhibitors	Inhibitors of HIV PROTEASE, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly.	HIV Protease Inhibitor,Inhibitor, HIV Protease,Inhibitors, HIV Protease,Protease Inhibitor, HIV,Protease Inhibitors, HIV
D018894	Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors	Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.	Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor,Inhibitors, Reverse Transcriptase,Inhibitor, Reverse Transcriptase,Transcriptase Inhibitor, Reverse