The bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia alternating with sinus bradycardia and episodes of sinus node arrest) has previously presented a complicated therapeutic dilemma when excitatory and suppressive drugs have been utilized. A patient with this syndrome successfully treated with a permanent ventricular transvenous demand pacemaker is presented. Various aspects of this syndrome as well as facets of diagnosis and treatment have been reviewed and discussed. Significant underlying cardiac disease was ruled out in this patient by the usual diagnostic methods including left heart catheterization and coronary angiography. An interesting possibility of the relationship of vagal stimulation secondary to hiatus hernia as an etiologic factor in this syndrome has been discussed. The opinion is expressed that the currently preferred method of treatment is the insertion of a permanent transvenous pacemaker alone or in conjunction with antiarrhythmic drugs, preferably digitalis and propranolol.