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The present study describes the identification and partial characterization of a novel Schwann cell surface molecule by means of a monoclonal antibody (23E9). The 23E9 antigen was found in association with Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve but not with sensory neurons and satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglion. The expression of the antigen in the sciatic nerve starts after birth, is high around postnatal day 8 and becomes down-regulated towards the adult stage. This suggests that it may be involved in the induction of myelin formation. On Western blots, the antibody identified two major bands of approximately 27 and 42 kDa. Treatment of cultured Schwann cells with forskolin, an agent known to mimic neuronal contact in vitro, stimulated the up-regulation of the antigen. This implies that the expression of 23E9 is induced and maintained by axon-derived signals in vivo. Comparison of the presented data with the literature suggests that we have identified a novel cell surface molecule not previously characterized in the context of Schwann cell biology. To clarify the molecular identity of the antigen and define its physiological relevance, the antibody will be used in future studies for immunoprecipitation and functional in vitro assays.
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