The effects of alcohol ingestion on the epithelial layer of the uterine endometrium of rats submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism were observed by morphometric methods. Sixty adult rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) of the same age (3 months) and weighing on average 228 g were divided into two groups. The control group received solid diet, rat chow, and tap water ad libitum. The experimental group received the same solid diet and was allowed to drink only sugar cane brandy dissolved in 30 degrees Gay Lussac (v/v). At the end of 90, 180 and 270 days of treatment, the animals at estro were anaesthetized with ethyl ether, weighed and sacrificed. The internal reproductive organs were dissected, weighed and fixed. The final mean body weights were similar in the control and alcoholic groups. The histological results showed intense atrophy of the lining epithelium of the endometrium of uterine horns in the alcoholic group. Morphometric analysis confirmed the endometrial epithelial atrophy, showing that the alcoholic group had small cytoplasmic and nuclear areas and small cytoplasmic and nuclear perimeter compared to the control group. Scanning electron microscopic images showed intense lipid droplets accumulation in the epithelial cells from alcoholic group. Therefore, we concluded that alcohol acts as a toxin on the epithelial layer of the rat endometrium.