Biomaterial Database

Vertebrate pseudogenes. 2000

A J Mighell, and N R Smith, and P A Robinson, and A F Markham

Molecular Medicine Unit, The University of Leeds, Clinical Sciences Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK. a.j.mighell@leeds.ac.uk

Pseudogenes are commonly encountered during investigation of the genomes of a wide range of life forms. This review concentrates on vertebrate, and in particular mammalian, pseudogenes and describes their origin and subsequent evolution. Consideration is also given to pseudogenes that are transcribed and to the unusual group of genes that exist at the interface between functional genes and non-functional pseudogenes. As the sequences of different genomes are characterised, the recognition and interpretation of pseudogene sequences will become more important and have a greater impact in the field of molecular genetics.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011544	Pseudogenes	Genes bearing close resemblance to known genes at different loci, but rendered non-functional by additions or deletions in structure that prevent normal transcription or translation. When lacking introns and containing a poly-A segment near the downstream end (as a result of reverse copying from processed nuclear RNA into double-stranded DNA), they are called processed genes.	Genes, Processed,beta-Tubulin Pseudogene,Gene, Processed,Processed Gene,Processed Genes,Pseudogene,Pseudogene, beta-Tubulin,Pseudogenes, beta-Tubulin,beta Tubulin Pseudogene,beta-Tubulin Pseudogenes
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014714	Vertebrates	Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.	Vertebrate
D015894	Genome, Human	The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.	Human Genome,Genomes, Human,Human Genomes
D018626	Retroelements	Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.	MDG1 Retrotransposons,Mobile Dispersed Genetic Elements,Retroposons,Retrotransposons,Retrovirus-like Elements,Ty1 Transposon,Element, Retrovirus-like,Elements, Retrovirus-like,MDG1 Retrotransposon,Retroelement,Retroposon,Retrotransposon,Retrotransposon, MDG1,Retrotransposons, MDG1,Retrovirus like Elements,Retrovirus-like Element,Transposon, Ty1,Transposons, Ty1,Ty1 Transposons
D019143	Evolution, Molecular	The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.	Molecular Evolution,Genetic Evolution,Evolution, Genetic