Determination of some antihistaminic drugs by atomic absorption spectrometry and colorimetric methods. 1999

N El-Kousy, and L I Bebawy
National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and colourimetric methods have been developed for the determination of pizotifen (I), ketotifen (II) and loratadine (III). The first method depends on the reaction of the three drugs (I); (II) and (III) with cobalt thiocyanate reagent at pH 2 to give ternary complexes. These complexes are readily extracted with organic solvent and estimated by indirect atomic absorption method via the determination of the cobalt content in the formed complex after extraction in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. It was found that the three drugs can be determined in the concentration ranges from 10 to 74, 12 to 95 and 10 to 93 microg ml(-1) with mean percentage recovery of 99.71+/-0.87, 99.70+/-0.79 and 99.62+/-0.75%, respectively. The second method is based on the formation of orange red ion pairs as a result of the reaction between (I); (II) and (III) and molybdenum thiocyanate with maximum absorption at 469.5 nm in dichloromethane. Appropriate conditions were established for the colour reaction. Under the proposed conditions linearity was obeyed in the concentration ranges 3.5-25, 5-37.5 and 2.5-22.5 microg ml(-1) with mean percentage recovery of 99.60+/-0.41, 100.11+/-0.43 and 99.31+/-0.47% for (I): (II) and (III), respectively. The third method depends on the formation of radical ion using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ). The colour formed was measured at 588 nm for the three drugs (I); (II) and (III), respectively. The method is valid in concentration range 10-80 microg ml(-1) with mean percentage recovery 99.75+/-0.44, 99.94+/-0.72 and 99.17+/-0.36% for (I); (II) and (III), respectively. The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations. The results obtained were statistically analysed and compared with those obtained by applying the official and reference methods.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007202 Indicators and Reagents Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499) Indicator,Reagent,Reagents,Indicators,Reagents and Indicators
D007665 Ketotifen A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis. 4,9-Dihydro-4-(1-methyl-4-piperidylidene)-10H-benzo(4,5)-cyclohepta(1,2-b)thiophen-10-one,Ketotifen Fumarate,Ketotifene,Ketotiphen,Ketotiphene,Zaditen,Fumarate, Ketotifen
D010918 Pizotyline Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches. Pizotifen,BC-105,Polomigran,Sandomigran,BC 105,BC105
D003035 Cobalt A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis. Cobalt-59,Cobalt 59
D003124 Colorimetry Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
D006634 Histamine H1 Antagonists Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood. Antihistamines, Classical,Antihistaminics, Classical,Antihistaminics, H1,Histamine H1 Antagonist,Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist,Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists,Histamine H1 Receptor Blockaders,Antagonists, Histamine H1,Antagonists, Histamine H1 Receptor,Antihistamines, Sedating,Blockaders, Histamine H1 Receptor,First Generation H1 Antagonists,H1 Receptor Blockaders,Histamine H1 Blockers,Receptor Blockaders, H1,Antagonist, Histamine H1,Classical Antihistamines,Classical Antihistaminics,H1 Antagonist, Histamine,H1 Antagonists, Histamine,H1 Antihistaminics,Sedating Antihistamines
D006863 Hydrogen-Ion Concentration The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D013054 Spectrophotometry, Atomic Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed. Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption,AA Spectrophotometry,AE Spectrophotometry,Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry,Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry,Atomic Spectrophotometry,Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry,Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy,Spectrophotometry, Atomic Emission,AA Spectrophotometries,AE Spectrophotometries,Absorption Spectrophotometry, Atomic,Emission Spectrophotometry, Atomic,Spectrophotometries, AA,Spectrophotometries, AE,Spectrophotometry, AA,Spectrophotometry, AE
D013861 Thiocyanates Organic derivatives of thiocyanic acid which contain the general formula R-SCN. Rhodanate,Rhodanates
D017336 Loratadine A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness. 4-(8-Chloro-5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo(5,6)cyclohepta(1,2-b)pyridin-11-ylidene)-1-piperidinecarboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester,Alavert,Claritin,Clarium,Sch-29851,Sch 29851,Sch29851

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