Biomaterial Database

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cancer prevention. 2000

J A Baron, and R S Sandler

Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. John.A.Baron@Dartmouth.edu

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, appear to have clinically significant anticarcinogenic effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Epidemiological data indicate that use of these drugs is inversely associated with the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer, and clinical trials among patients with familial polyposis coli show that NSAIDs can lead to the regression of large bowel adenomas. Animal studies have reported a similar efficacy of NSAIDs against experimental carcinogenesis. A consistent pattern in this research is that continued long-term use of NSAIDs is required for an anticancer effect--up to 15 or 20 years before a reduced risk of colorectal cancer appears. Epidemiological data also suggest possible protective effects in the stomach and esophagus. The mechanisms underlying any chemopreventive effect of NSAIDs are not clear. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase is one possibility, but pathways independent of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandins are also possible.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011125	Adenomatous Polyposis Coli	A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.	Polyposis Coli, Familial,Polyposis Syndrome, Familial,Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial,Adenomatous Polyposis of the Colon,Familial Adenomatous Polyposis,Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Coli,Familial Adenomatous Polyposis of the Colon,Familial Intestinal Polyposis,Familial Multiple Polyposi,Familial Multiple Polyposis,Familial Multiple Polyposis Syndrome,Familial Polyposis Coli,Familial Polyposis Syndrome,Familial Polyposis of the Colon,Hereditary Polyposis Coli,Myh-Associated Polyposis,Polyposis Coli,Polyposis, Adenomatous Intestinal,Adenomatous Intestinal Polyposes,Adenomatous Intestinal Polyposis,Adenomatous Polyposes, Familial,Adenomatous Polyposis Colus,Adenomatous Polyposis, Familial,Coli, Adenomatous Polyposis,Coli, Familial Polyposis,Coli, Hereditary Polyposis,Coli, Polyposis,Colus, Adenomatous Polyposis,Colus, Familial Polyposis,Colus, Hereditary Polyposis,Colus, Polyposis,Familial Adenomatous Polyposes,Familial Intestinal Polyposes,Familial Multiple Polyposes,Familial Multiple Polyposus,Familial Polyposis Colus,Familial Polyposis Syndromes,Hereditary Polyposis Colus,Intestinal Polyposes, Familial,Intestinal Polyposis, Adenomatous,Intestinal Polyposis, Familial,Multiple Polyposes, Familial,Multiple Polyposi, Familial,Multiple Polyposis, Familial,Multiple Polyposus, Familial,Myh Associated Polyposis,Myh-Associated Polyposes,Polyposes, Familial Adenomatous,Polyposes, Familial Multiple,Polyposes, Myh-Associated,Polyposi, Familial Multiple,Polyposis Coli, Adenomatous,Polyposis Coli, Hereditary,Polyposis Colus,Polyposis Colus, Adenomatous,Polyposis Colus, Familial,Polyposis Colus, Hereditary,Polyposis, Familial Adenomatous,Polyposis, Familial Multiple,Polyposis, Myh-Associated,Polyposus, Familial Multiple
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000236	Adenoma	A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	Adenoma, Basal Cell,Adenoma, Follicular,Adenoma, Microcystic,Adenoma, Monomorphic,Adenoma, Papillary,Adenoma, Trabecular,Adenomas,Adenomas, Basal Cell,Adenomas, Follicular,Adenomas, Microcystic,Adenomas, Monomorphic,Adenomas, Papillary,Adenomas, Trabecular,Basal Cell Adenoma,Basal Cell Adenomas,Follicular Adenoma,Follicular Adenomas,Microcystic Adenoma,Microcystic Adenomas,Monomorphic Adenoma,Monomorphic Adenomas,Papillary Adenoma,Papillary Adenomas,Trabecular Adenoma,Trabecular Adenomas
D000894	Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal	Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.	Analgesics, Anti-Inflammatory,Aspirin-Like Agent,Aspirin-Like Agents,NSAID,Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agent,Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents,Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agent,Anti Inflammatory Agents, Nonsteroidal,Antiinflammatory Agents, Non Steroidal,Antiinflammatory Agents, Nonsteroidal,NSAIDs,Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents,Agent, Aspirin-Like,Agent, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory,Agent, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory,Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Non-Steroidal,Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Nonsteroidal,Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics,Aspirin Like Agent,Aspirin Like Agents,Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Agent,Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Agents,Nonsteroidal Anti Inflammatory Agent,Nonsteroidal Anti Inflammatory Agents,Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents
D015179	Colorectal Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	Colorectal Cancer,Colorectal Carcinoma,Colorectal Tumors,Neoplasms, Colorectal,Cancer, Colorectal,Cancers, Colorectal,Carcinoma, Colorectal,Carcinomas, Colorectal,Colorectal Cancers,Colorectal Carcinomas,Colorectal Neoplasm,Colorectal Tumor,Neoplasm, Colorectal,Tumor, Colorectal,Tumors, Colorectal