Biomaterial Database

Host-range barrier of influenza A viruses. 2000

T Ito, and Y Kawaoka

Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.

Ample evidence suggests that all influenza viruses in mammals were probably derived from those in wild waterfowl at some time. In addition to those already established in mammals, the viruses have been transmitted to both mammals and to poultry from wild waterfowl and caused outbreaks in recent years. Experimentally, however, the viruses from one species of animals do not grow efficiently in other species. For example, human influenza viruses do not replicate in ducks or in horses, indicating their host range restriction. This paper reviews current knowledge on the host-range restriction of influenza viruses, focusing on the role of the hemagglutinin (HA).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007251	Influenza, Human	An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	Grippe,Human Flu,Human Influenza,Influenza in Humans,Influenza,Flu, Human,Human Influenzas,Influenza in Human,Influenzas,Influenzas, Human
D009980	Influenza A virus	The type species of the genus ALPHAINFLUENZAVIRUS that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is usually by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces.	Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae,Avian Orthomyxovirus Type A,FLUAV,Fowl Plague Virus,Human Influenza A Virus,Influenza Virus Type A,Influenza Viruses Type A,Myxovirus influenzae-A hominis,Myxovirus influenzae-A suis,Myxovirus pestis galli,Orthomyxovirus Type A,Orthomyxovirus Type A, Avian,Orthomyxovirus Type A, Human,Orthomyxovirus Type A, Porcine,Pestis galli Myxovirus,Fowl Plague Viruses,Influenza A viruses,Myxovirus influenzae A hominis,Myxovirus influenzae A suis,Myxovirus, Pestis galli,Myxoviruses, Pestis galli,Pestis galli Myxoviruses,Plague Virus, Fowl,Virus, Fowl Plague
D004196	Disease Outbreaks	Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.	Outbreaks,Infectious Disease Outbreaks,Disease Outbreak,Disease Outbreak, Infectious,Disease Outbreaks, Infectious,Infectious Disease Outbreak,Outbreak, Disease,Outbreak, Infectious Disease,Outbreaks, Disease,Outbreaks, Infectious Disease
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013045	Species Specificity	The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.	Species Specificities,Specificities, Species,Specificity, Species
D014779	Virus Replication	The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.	Viral Replication,Replication, Viral,Replication, Virus,Replications, Viral,Replications, Virus,Viral Replications,Virus Replications
D018562	Disease Transmission, Infectious	The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).	Close-Contact Infectious Disease Transmission,Close-Contact Transmission,Community Spread,Community Transmission,Disease Superspreader Event,Disease Superspreading,Droplet Transmission of Infectious Disease,Droplet Transmission, Infectious Disease,Infectious Disease Droplet Transmission,Person-to-Person Transmission,Autochthonous Transmission,Communicable Disease Transmission,Horizontal Transmission of Infection,Horizontal Transmission of Infectious Disease,Infection Transmission,Infection Transmission, Horizontal,Infectious Disease Transmission,Infectious Disease Transmission, Horizontal,Pathogen Transmission,Pathogen Transmission, Horizontal,Transmission of Infectious Disease,Transmission, Infectious Disease,Autochthonous Transmissions,Close Contact Infectious Disease Transmission,Close Contact Transmission,Close-Contact Transmissions,Community Transmissions,Disease Superspreader Events,Disease Superspreadings,Disease Transmission, Communicable,Event, Disease Superspreader,Events, Disease Superspreader,Infection Horizontal Transmission,Person to Person Transmission,Superspreader Event, Disease,Superspreader Events, Disease,Superspreading, Disease,Superspreadings, Disease,Transmission, Autochthonous,Transmission, Close-Contact,Transmission, Communicable Disease,Transmission, Infection,Transmission, Pathogen,Transmission, Person-to-Person,Transmissions, Autochthonous,Transmissions, Community