Biomaterial Database

[Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in preterm infants]. 2000

T Hoehn, and M F Krause, and C Bührer

Klinik für Neonatologie, Charité, Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin. thomas.hoehn@charite.de

According to a number of recently published, randomized controlled trials, treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) by the use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has emerged as an established procedure in neonatology. The situation in premature infants appears to be more complicated than in the term infant. Due to the fact that nitric oxide interferes with platelet aggregation, the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage or its aggravation during iNO therapy is being discussed in a controversial manner. Since most studies are aimed at endpoints like oxygenation parameters, the presently available studies report extremely variable incidences of intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH). Meanwhile two large studies could demonstrate that clinical application of iNO in preterm infants is not associated with an increased incidence of IVH. Further randomized controlled trials of iNO in preterm neonates are highly desirable in order to establish the future role of this therapy and its indications.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D006976	Hypertension, Pulmonary	Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	Pulmonary Hypertension
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D007235	Infant, Premature, Diseases	Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.
D009569	Nitric Oxide	A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.	Endogenous Nitrate Vasodilator,Mononitrogen Monoxide,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium-Derived,Nitrogen Monoxide,Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide,Monoxide, Mononitrogen,Monoxide, Nitrogen,Nitrate Vasodilator, Endogenous,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium Derived,Oxide, Nitric,Vasodilator, Endogenous Nitrate
D012127	Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn	A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome,Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome,Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Infant
D012138	Respiratory Therapy	Care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system. It includes the therapeutic use of medical gases and their administrative apparatus, environmental control systems, humidification, aerosols, ventilatory support, bronchopulmonary drainage and exercise, respiratory rehabilitation, assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and maintenance of natural, artificial, and mechanical airways.	Inhalation Therapy,Therapy, Inhalation,Therapy, Respiratory,Inhalation Therapies,Respiratory Therapies,Therapies, Inhalation,Therapies, Respiratory
D002543	Cerebral Hemorrhage	Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebrum,Brain Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhage,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhages,Cerebral Hemorrhages,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhages,Cerebrum Hemorrhage,Cerebrum Hemorrhages,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhage, Intracerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhages, Cerebrum,Hemorrhages, Intracerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhages,Parenchymal Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Parenchymal Hemorrhages, Cerebral
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015199	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation	Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. Examples of its use are to assist victims of SMOKE INHALATION INJURY; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; and CARDIAC FAILURE.	ECMO Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation,Oxygenation, Extracorporeal Membrane,Venoarterial ECMO,Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation,Venovenous ECMO,Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation,ECLS Treatment,ECMO Treatment,Extracorporeal Life Support,ECLS Treatments,ECMO Treatments,ECMO, Venoarterial,ECMO, Venovenous,Extracorporeal Life Supports,Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenations,Life Support, Extracorporeal,Membrane Oxygenation, Extracorporeal,Treatment, ECLS,Treatment, ECMO,Venoarterial ECMOs,Venovenous ECMOs
D016032	Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic	Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.	Clinical Trials, Randomized,Controlled Clinical Trials, Randomized,Trials, Randomized Clinical