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Juvenile Fasciola hepatica are resistant to killing in vitro by free radicals compared with larvae of Schistosoma mansoni. 2000

D Piedrafita, and T W Spithill, and J P Dalton, and P J Brindley, and M R Sandeman, and P R Wood, and J C Parsons
Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Attwood, Australia.

Free radicals have previously been shown to kill the immature stages of the trematode, Schistosoma mansoni but their effect on newly excysted juvenile (NEJ) flukes of Fasciola hepatica has not been established. Using acetaldehyde and xanthine oxidase to chemically generate reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), up to 61% of NEJ were killed but only when exposed to high levels of ROI. At low concentrations of acetaldehyde and xanthine oxidase as sources of reactive oxygen intermediates, only 6-29% of NEJ were killed compared with 70-92% of schistosomula. Incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat peritoneal lavage cells (PLCs) killed only 7-15% of NEJ whereas 78-87% of schistosomula were killed under the same conditions by a mechanism dependent on the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates. Relative to immature and adult parasites, NEJ expressed 2.5-20-fold lower levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase but no catalase activity was detected. Incubation of NEJ with inhibitors of peroxidases and glutathione metabolism increased the mean killing of NEJ by LPS-stimulated rat PLCs to 40-75%. These results demonstrate that, in comparison to schistosomula of S. mansoni, NEJ of F. hepatica are relatively resistant to killing by free radicals and this resistance could, in part, be due to the activity of oxidant scavenger enzymes of NEJ.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007814 Larva Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals. Maggots,Tadpoles,Larvae,Maggot,Tadpole
D010587 Phagocytosis The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES). Phagocytoses
D002374 Catalase An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA. Catalase A,Catalase T,Manganese Catalase,Mn Catalase
D004351 Drug Resistance Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration. Resistance, Drug
D005210 Fasciola hepatica A species of helminth commonly called the sheep liver fluke. It occurs in the biliary passages, liver, and gallbladder during various stages of development. Snails and aquatic vegetation are the intermediate hosts. Occasionally seen in man, it is most common in sheep and cattle. Liver Fluke,Fasciola hepaticas,Fluke, Liver,Flukes, Liver,Liver Flukes,hepatica, Fasciola
D005609 Free Radicals Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. Free radicals include reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated. Free Radical
D005982 Glutathione Transferase A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite. Glutathione S-Alkyltransferase,Glutathione S-Aryltransferase,Glutathione S-Epoxidetransferase,Ligandins,S-Hydroxyalkyl Glutathione Lyase,Glutathione Organic Nitrate Ester Reductase,Glutathione S-Transferase,Glutathione S-Transferase 3,Glutathione S-Transferase A,Glutathione S-Transferase B,Glutathione S-Transferase C,Glutathione S-Transferase III,Glutathione S-Transferase P,Glutathione Transferase E,Glutathione Transferase mu,Glutathione Transferases,Heme Transfer Protein,Ligandin,Yb-Glutathione-S-Transferase,Glutathione Lyase, S-Hydroxyalkyl,Glutathione S Alkyltransferase,Glutathione S Aryltransferase,Glutathione S Epoxidetransferase,Glutathione S Transferase,Glutathione S Transferase 3,Glutathione S Transferase A,Glutathione S Transferase B,Glutathione S Transferase C,Glutathione S Transferase III,Glutathione S Transferase P,Lyase, S-Hydroxyalkyl Glutathione,P, Glutathione S-Transferase,Protein, Heme Transfer,S Hydroxyalkyl Glutathione Lyase,S-Alkyltransferase, Glutathione,S-Aryltransferase, Glutathione,S-Epoxidetransferase, Glutathione,S-Transferase 3, Glutathione,S-Transferase A, Glutathione,S-Transferase B, Glutathione,S-Transferase C, Glutathione,S-Transferase III, Glutathione,S-Transferase P, Glutathione,S-Transferase, Glutathione,Transfer Protein, Heme,Transferase E, Glutathione,Transferase mu, Glutathione,Transferase, Glutathione,Transferases, Glutathione
D000445 Aldehyde Oxidoreductases Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES. Aldehyde Oxidoreductase,Oxidoreductase, Aldehyde,Oxidoreductases, Aldehyde
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001202 Ascitic Fluid The serous fluid of ASCITES, the accumulation of fluids in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. Peritoneal Effusion,Peritoneal Fluid,Ascitic Fluids,Effusion, Peritoneal,Fluid, Ascitic,Fluid, Peritoneal,Peritoneal Effusions,Peritoneal Fluids

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