Crown formation times of human permanent anterior teeth. 2000

H M Liversidge
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK. h.m.liversidge@mds.qmw.ac.uk

One gap in knowledge of human dental-growth standards is the age at which crown fractions of anterior permanent teeth are attained. The aim of this study was to document stages of crown formation for permanent incisors and canines from a small skeletal collection of known age. The source was C18th and C19th coffin-buried skeletal material from Spitalfields in London; developing teeth from 50 individuals with recorded age-at-death (range 0-5.40 years) and 56 unaged individuals were assessed. Teeth were dissected and crown height measured directly. Each developing crown was assigned to the nearest average fraction (C14, C12, C34, Cc). These fractions were calculated from the total crown height of unworn completed teeth from this sample. Median age for C12 of the permanent upper central incisor was 1.34 years (n=16) and for the canine was 2.52 years (n=16). Data on crown formation are also presented in relation to permanent lower first molar stages C12, C34 and Cc. When M(1) was at stage C34 the modal stage for I(1) was C34 and for other incisors and canines was C12. Although the sample is small, these results fill an important gap in tooth chronology and add to knowledge of growth variation in early childhood.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007180 Incisor Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820) Incisors
D007223 Infant A child between 1 and 23 months of age. Infants
D008131 London The capital of the United Kingdom. It is located in England.
D008297 Male Males
D009805 Odontogenesis The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage, the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage. Odontogenesis includes the production of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS), dentin (DENTINOGENESIS), and dental cementum (CEMENTOGENESIS). Odontogeneses
D009811 Odontometry Measurement of tooth characteristics.
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D003481 Cuspid The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817) Canine Tooth,Canine Teeth,Cuspids,Teeth, Canine,Tooth, Canine
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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