Interaction between neurone and microglia mediated by platelet-activating factor. 2000

M Aihara, and S Ishii, and K Kume, and T Shimizu
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, and CREST of Japan Science and Technology Incorporation, Japan.

BACKGROUND Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid mediator that plays various roles in neuronal function and brain development. The production and release of PAF in the brain has also been reported under various pathological conditions. However, neither the cell types and mechanism responsible for the synthesis of PAF nor its target cells have been fully identified. RESULTS Using primary culture cells derived from rat brain and a very sensitive assay method for PAF, we found that PAF was synthesized in neurones following stimulation with glutamic acid. PAF synthesis required activation of NMDA receptors and subsequent elevation of intracellular calcium ions. Microglia, which express functional PAF receptors to a high level, showed a marked chemotactic response to PAF. This chemotaxis is a receptor-mediated process, as microglia from PAF-receptor-deficient mice did not show such a response. The activation of a pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase presumably plays a role in intracellular signalling leading to chemotaxis. CONCLUSIONS Considering the cytoprotective and cytotoxic roles of microglia, PAF functions as a key messenger in neurone-microglial interactions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009474 Neurons The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM. Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D010972 Platelet Activating Factor A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION. AGEPC,Acetyl Glyceryl Ether Phosphorylcholine,PAF-Acether,Phosphorylcholine, Acetyl Glyceryl Ether,1-Alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine,Platelet Aggregating Factor,Platelet Aggregation Enhancing Factor,Platelet-Activating Substance,Thrombocyte Aggregating Activity,1 Alkyl 2 acetyl sn glycerophosphocholine,Aggregating Factor, Platelet,Factor, Platelet Activating,PAF Acether,Platelet Activating Substance
D010980 Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins Surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation. Many of these are receptors. PM-GP,Platelet Glycoprotein,Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein,PM-GPs,Platelet Glycoproteins,Glycoprotein, Platelet,Glycoprotein, Platelet Membrane,Glycoproteins, Platelet,Glycoproteins, Platelet Membrane,Membrane Glycoprotein, Platelet,Membrane Glycoproteins, Platelet,PM GP
D011956 Receptors, Cell Surface Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands. Cell Surface Receptor,Cell Surface Receptors,Hormone Receptors, Cell Surface,Receptors, Endogenous Substances,Cell Surface Hormone Receptors,Endogenous Substances Receptors,Receptor, Cell Surface,Surface Receptor, Cell
D002450 Cell Communication Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP. Cell Interaction,Cell-to-Cell Interaction,Cell Communications,Cell Interactions,Cell to Cell Interaction,Cell-to-Cell Interactions,Communication, Cell,Communications, Cell,Interaction, Cell,Interaction, Cell-to-Cell,Interactions, Cell,Interactions, Cell-to-Cell
D002478 Cells, Cultured Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017628 Microglia The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling. Microglial Cell,Cell, Microglial,Microglial Cells,Microglias
D043562 Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS. G Protein Coupled Receptor,G-Protein-Coupled Receptor,G-Protein-Coupled Receptors,G Protein Coupled Receptors,Receptor, G-Protein-Coupled,Receptors, G Protein Coupled
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus

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