Biomaterial Database

The activity of oligonucleotides containing guanosine 5'-triphosphate in protein synthesis. I. The interaction of protein synthesis elongation factor I with cytidylyl (5'-3')-guanosine 5'-triphosphate. 1975

J E Allende, and C C Allende

The interaction of protein synthesis elongation factor 1 (EF-1) from wheat embryos and elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli with cytidylyl(5'-3')guanosine 5'-triphosphate(pppGpC) has been studied. The dinucleotide 5'-triphosphate interacts strongly with EF-1 as evidenced by its capacity to inhibit the binding of [3H]GTP to the factor. The analogs pGpC and GpC do not interfere with GTP binding to EF-1 but guanosine 5'-triphosphate cyclic 2',3'-monophosphate and ppGpC are also potent inhibitors. The binding of the dinucleotide 5'-triphosphate to EF-1 was also demonstrated directly by the nitrocellulose retention method and by Sephadex G-50 fractionation using a radioactive analog iodinated with 125I in the 5 position of the cytosine of pppGpC. The dinucleotide triphosphate can replace GTP in the formation of a ternary complex EF-1-aminoacyl-tRNA-GTP and in its requirement for the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes catalyzed by EF-1. The absolute requirement for GTP in an in vitro polypeptide-synthesizing system can also be met by pppGpC and by guanosine 5'-triphosphate cyclic 5',3'-monophosphate. The bacterial factor EF-Tu differs drastically from eukaryotic EF-1 in its nucleotide specificity since EF-Tu only interacts slightly (if at all) with pppGpC. The low inhibition of [3H]GTP binding to EF-Tu by pppGpC could be due to a slight contamination in the latter compound.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009841	Oligonucleotides	Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)	Oligonucleotide
D010445	Peptide Elongation Factors	Protein factors uniquely required during the elongation phase of protein synthesis.	Elongation Factor,Elongation Factors, Peptide,Factor, Elongation,Factors, Peptide Elongation
D010452	Peptide Biosynthesis	The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.	Biosynthesis, Peptide
D010649	Phenylalanine	An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.	Endorphenyl,L-Phenylalanine,Phenylalanine, L-Isomer,L-Isomer Phenylalanine,Phenylalanine, L Isomer
D011485	Protein Binding	The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.	Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D003568	Cytidine Monophosphate	Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.	CMP,Cytidylic Acid,2'-CMP,3'-CMP,Cytidylic Acids,2' CMP,3' CMP,Acid, Cytidylic,Acids, Cytidylic,Monophosphate, Cytidine
D003597	Cytosine Nucleotides	A group of pyrimidine NUCLEOTIDES which contain CYTOSINE.	Cytidine Phosphates,Nucleotides, Cytosine,Phosphates, Cytidine
D004926	Escherichia coli	A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.	Alkalescens-Dispar Group,Bacillus coli,Bacterium coli,Bacterium coli commune,Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli,E coli,EAggEC,Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,Enterococcus coli,Diffusely Adherent E. coli,Enteroaggregative E. coli,Enteroinvasive E. coli,Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
D006160	Guanosine Triphosphate	Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	GTP,Triphosphate, Guanosine
D012335	RNA, Ribosomal	The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)	Ribosomal RNA,15S RNA,RNA, 15S