Biomaterial Database

Factors affecting filamentation in Candida albicans: changes in respiratory activity of Candida albicans during filamentation. 1975

G A Land, and W C McDonald, and R L Stjernholm, and L Friedman

Glucose metabolism and respiration of Candida albicans were compared under conditions which permitted either maximal filamentous or maximal yeast growth. Changes in metabolism were monitored by comparing the quantities of ethanol produced, CO2 evolved, and oxygen consumed. Filamenting cultures produced more ethanol and less CO2 than yeasts, with oxygen consumption in the former concomitantly slower than that of the latter. Studies involving cofactors and inhibitors associated with electron transport imply that a transfer of electrons away from flavoprotein is required for maintenance of yeast morphology. Conditions consistent with a buildup of reduced flavoprotein, however, favored filament formation. These changes were expressed metabolically as a shift from an aerobic to a fermentative metabolism. The results presented are consistent with hypotheses correlating filament production with changes in carbohydrate metabolism and an interruption of electron transfer within the cell.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007461	Iodoacetates	Iodinated derivatives of acetic acid. Iodoacetates are commonly used as alkylating sulfhydryl reagents and enzyme inhibitors in biochemical research.	Iodoacetic Acids,Acids, Iodoacetic
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D011796	Quinacrine	An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.	Mepacrine,Acrichine,Atabrine,Atebrin,Quinacrine Dihydrochloride,Quinacrine Dihydrochloride, Dihydrate,Quinacrine Dihyrochloride, (R)-Isomer,Quinacrine Dihyrochloride, (S)-Isomer,Quinacrine Dimesylate,Quinacrine Hydrochloride,Quinacrine Monoacetate,Quinacrine Monohydrochloride,Quinacrine Monomesylate,Quinacrine, (+-)-Isomer,Quinacrine, (R)-Isomer,Quinacrine, (S)-Isomer,Dihydrochloride, Quinacrine,Dimesylate, Quinacrine,Hydrochloride, Quinacrine,Monoacetate, Quinacrine,Monohydrochloride, Quinacrine,Monomesylate, Quinacrine
D002176	Candida albicans	A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).	Candida albicans var. stellatoidea,Candida stellatoidea,Dematium albicans,Monilia albicans,Myceloblastanon albicans,Mycotorula albicans,Parasaccharomyces albicans,Procandida albicans,Procandida stellatoidea,Saccharomyces albicans,Syringospora albicans
D002245	Carbon Dioxide	A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.	Carbonic Anhydride,Anhydride, Carbonic,Dioxide, Carbon
D002250	Carbon Radioisotopes	Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.	Radioisotopes, Carbon
D002701	Chloramphenicol	An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)	Cloranfenicol,Kloramfenikol,Levomycetin,Amphenicol,Amphenicols,Chlornitromycin,Chlorocid,Chloromycetin,Detreomycin,Ophthochlor,Syntomycin
D003847	Deoxyglucose	2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.	2-Deoxy-D-glucose,2-Deoxyglucose,2-Desoxy-D-glucose,2 Deoxy D glucose,2 Deoxyglucose,2 Desoxy D glucose
D004579	Electron Transport	The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)	Respiratory Chain,Chain, Respiratory,Chains, Respiratory,Respiratory Chains,Transport, Electron