Biomaterial Database

[Atovaquone/proguanil. Prophylaxis and treatment of malaria]. 2000

J D Lundgren, and U B Dragsted

H:S Hvidovre Hospital, infektionsmedicinsk afdeling. j.d.lundgren@inet.uni2.dk

Malarone is a combination of the two drugs atovaquone and proguanil. Malarone is useful as prophylaxis and for the treatment of falciparum malaria. Monotherapy using atovaquone or proguanil results in treatment failure in 30% and 90% respectively, whereas treatment failure is rare when a combination of the drugs is used (< 2%). This reflects the synergistic effect of this drug combination. Used as a chemoprophylaticum against falciparum malaria Malarone has an effect of > 95%. The protective mechanism is likely to act via the mitochondrial cytochrome bc complex, thus a different mechanism from other malaria drugs. For this reason, cross-resistance with other malaria drugs is not expected. The documentation of effect and safety profile of Malarone in malaria prophylaxis makes it a suitable alternative to mefloquine and doxycycline in case of contraindications. Malarone is effective for the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria, and may be used as an alternative to mefloquine.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009285	Naphthoquinones	Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	Naphthalenediones,Naphthazarins,Naphthoquinone
D002727	Proguanil	A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.	Chlorguanid,Chloroguanide,Bigumal,Chloriguane,Chloroguanide Hydrochloride,Paludrin,Paludrine,Proguanil Hydrochloride,Hydrochloride, Chloroguanide,Hydrochloride, Proguanil
D002738	Chloroquine	The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.	Aralen,Arechine,Arequin,Chingamin,Chlorochin,Chloroquine Sulfate,Chloroquine Sulphate,Khingamin,Nivaquine,Sulfate, Chloroquine,Sulphate, Chloroquine
D004338	Drug Combinations	Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.	Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000962	Antimalarials	Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)	Anti-Malarial,Antimalarial,Antimalarial Agent,Antimalarial Drug,Anti-Malarials,Antimalarial Agents,Antimalarial Drugs,Agent, Antimalarial,Agents, Antimalarial,Anti Malarial,Anti Malarials,Drug, Antimalarial,Drugs, Antimalarial
D016778	Malaria, Falciparum	Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	Plasmodium falciparum Malaria,Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum
D053626	Atovaquone	A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.	2-(4-(4'-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone,2-(trans-4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone,566C,566C80,566C80 hydroxynaphthoquinone,Mepron,Wellvone,compound 566,hydroxynaphthoquinone 566C80,hydroxynaphthoquinone, 566C80