The egg envelope is a kind of extracellular matrix, which surrounds growing oocytes, ovulated eggs and early embryos. Among the glycoprotein components of the Xenopus laevis egg envelope, gp43/gp41 and gp69/64 have already been shown to be frog homologs of the mammalian zona pellucida components ZP3 and ZP2, respectively. To determine the structure of another major component of egg envelope, gp37, the peptides isolated from the lysyl endopeptidase digests of gp37 were sequenced for amino acids to design degenerate primers for polymerase chain reaction. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with a poly(A)+ RNA from the ovary of a postovulated female Xenopus, a specifically amplified band was obtained and sequenced. The upstream and downstream sequences of the sequenced region were completed by 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends, respectively. The gp37 cDNA comprises 1674 bp and contains one open reading frame encoding a polypeptide with 543 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence of the gp37 cDNA has a close similarity to that of mammalian ZP1. Northern blot and in situ hybridization studies indicated that the transcript (1.8 kb) is exclusively expressed in the oocytes, particularly in the previtellogenic young oocytes, just like the expression pattern of gp43 mRNA, suggesting a coordinate transcription of the gp43 and gp37 genes in Xenopus.