Influence of arm movements on saccades in humans. 2000

L Lünenburger, and D F Kutz, and K P Hoffmann
Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. luenenbu@neurobiologie.ruhr-uni-bochum.de

When reaching for an object we usually look at it before we touch it with the hand. This often unconscious eye movement prior to the arm movement allows guiding of the final part of the hand trajectory by visual feedback. We examined the temporal and spatial coordination of this control system by psychophysical measurements of eye and arm movements of naive human subjects looking or looking and pointing as fast as possible to visual targets in physical and virtual-reality setups. The reaction times of saccades to a step-displaced target were reduced, and the number of corrective saccades decreased, when the subject had to produce a corresponding simultaneous hand movement to the same target. The saccadic reaction time was increased when saccade and hand movement went in opposite directions. In a double-step task the reaction time for the second saccade was longer than for the first. Co-use of the hand leads to an additional increase of saccadic reaction time. Taken together this study shows an improvement in initial saccades if they are accompanied by hand movements to the same target. This effect might ensure that the reach target is foveated early and accurately enough to support the visual feedback control of the hand near the target. Longer reaction times for the second saccade to double-step displaced targets might reflect a saccadic refractory time intensified by simultaneous arm movements. These results are discussed in the light of recent findings from our laboratory on saccade- and reach-related neurons in the superior colliculus of macaque monkeys.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009043 Motor Activity Body movements of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon. Activities, Motor,Activity, Motor,Motor Activities
D009068 Movement The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior. Movements
D011597 Psychomotor Performance The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity. Perceptual Motor Performance,Sensory Motor Performance,Visual Motor Coordination,Coordination, Visual Motor,Coordinations, Visual Motor,Motor Coordination, Visual,Motor Coordinations, Visual,Motor Performance, Perceptual,Motor Performance, Sensory,Motor Performances, Perceptual,Motor Performances, Sensory,Perceptual Motor Performances,Performance, Perceptual Motor,Performance, Psychomotor,Performance, Sensory Motor,Performances, Perceptual Motor,Performances, Psychomotor,Performances, Sensory Motor,Psychomotor Performances,Sensory Motor Performances,Visual Motor Coordinations
D011930 Reaction Time The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed. Response Latency,Response Speed,Response Time,Latency, Response,Reaction Times,Response Latencies,Response Times,Speed, Response,Speeds, Response
D005260 Female Females
D005403 Fixation, Ocular Positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye. Focusing, Ocular,Ocular Fixation,Eye Gaze,Eye Gazes,Gaze, Eye,Gazes, Eye,Ocular Focusing
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D001132 Arm The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW. Brachium,Upper Arm,Arm, Upper,Arms,Arms, Upper,Brachiums,Upper Arms

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