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By the use of a mouse model, the enteropathic effects of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) surface unit (SU) envelope glycoprotein were explored. Purified SU (0.01-0.45 nmol) was administered intraperitoneally to 6- to 8-day-old mouse pups and induced a dose-dependent diarrheal response. Surgical introduction of SU into adult mouse intestinal loops revealed fluid accumulation without histological alterations and SU-treated unstripped intestinal mucosa induced chloride (Cl(-)) secretory currents in Ussing chambers. Similarly to rotavirus NSP4, the first described viral enterotoxin, SU induced a transient increase in intracellular calcium levels and increased inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) levels in HT-29 cells. These data indicate the calcium response is mediated by IP(3). The presence of diarrhea and fluid accumulation within intestinal loops in the absence of histological alterations and induction of Cl(-) secretory currents demonstrate that SIV contains an enterotoxic domain localized within SU and is the second viral enterotoxin described.
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
May 1995,
Journal of medical primatology,
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
June 1992,
AIDS research and human retroviruses,
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
December 1998,
Virology,
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
November 1995,
Biochemistry,
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
August 2000,
Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark),
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
February 1994,
Journal of virology,
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
October 1999,
Journal of virology,
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
May 2008,
Virology,
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
October 1995,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
C L Swaggerty, and
A A Frolov, and
M J McArthur, and
V W Cox, and
S Tong, and
R W Compans, and
J M Ball
July 1992,
FEBS letters,
