Biomaterial Database

In vivo imaging of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and the vesicular monoamine transporter. 2000

S M Efange

Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. efang001@maroon.tc.umn.edu

Validation of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and the neuronal vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) as important molecular targets in the cholinergic and dopamine neurons, respectively, has sparked interest in the development of radiotracers for studying these markers in vitro and in vivo. Currently, a number of selective high-affinity radiotracers are available for studying these targets in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). PET studies of VMAT2 in neuropathology reveal changes in the density of this marker that can be verified independently. Similarly, in vivo studies with VAChT ligands suggest that the latter are potentially useful in detecting cholinergic lesions in vivo; however, additional development is required to fully realize the potential of these radioligands.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008024	Ligands	A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	Ligand
D008562	Membrane Glycoproteins	Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.	Cell Surface Glycoproteins,Surface Glycoproteins,Cell Surface Glycoprotein,Membrane Glycoprotein,Surface Glycoprotein,Glycoprotein, Cell Surface,Glycoprotein, Membrane,Glycoprotein, Surface,Glycoproteins, Cell Surface,Glycoproteins, Membrane,Glycoproteins, Surface,Surface Glycoprotein, Cell,Surface Glycoproteins, Cell
D009479	Neuropeptides	Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.	Neuropeptide
D002352	Carrier Proteins	Proteins that bind or transport specific substances in the blood, within the cell, or across cell membranes.	Binding Proteins,Carrier Protein,Transport Protein,Transport Proteins,Binding Protein,Protein, Carrier,Proteins, Carrier
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000109	Acetylcholine	A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.	2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium,Acetilcolina Cusi,Acetylcholine Bromide,Acetylcholine Chloride,Acetylcholine Fluoride,Acetylcholine Hydroxide,Acetylcholine Iodide,Acetylcholine L-Tartrate,Acetylcholine Perchlorate,Acetylcholine Picrate,Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1),Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1),Bromoacetylcholine,Chloroacetylcholine,Miochol,Acetylcholine L Tartrate,Bromide, Acetylcholine,Cusi, Acetilcolina,Fluoride, Acetylcholine,Hydroxide, Acetylcholine,Iodide, Acetylcholine,L-Tartrate, Acetylcholine,Perchlorate, Acetylcholine
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001692	Biological Transport	The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.	Transport, Biological,Biologic Transport,Transport, Biologic
D014055	Tomography, Emission-Computed	Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image.	CAT Scan, Radionuclide,CT Scan, Radionuclide,Computerized Emission Tomography,Radionuclide Tomography, Computed,Scintigraphy, Computed Tomographic,Tomography, Radionuclide-Computed,Computed Tomographic Scintigraphy,Emission-Computed Tomography,Radionuclide Computer-Assisted Tomography,Radionuclide Computerized Tomography,Radionuclide-Computed Tomography,Radionuclide-Emission Computed Tomography,Tomography, Computerized Emission,CAT Scans, Radionuclide,CT Scans, Radionuclide,Computed Radionuclide Tomography,Computed Tomography, Radionuclide-Emission,Computer-Assisted Tomographies, Radionuclide,Computer-Assisted Tomography, Radionuclide,Computerized Tomography, Radionuclide,Emission Computed Tomography,Emission Tomography, Computerized,Radionuclide CAT Scan,Radionuclide CAT Scans,Radionuclide CT Scan,Radionuclide CT Scans,Radionuclide Computed Tomography,Radionuclide Computer Assisted Tomography,Radionuclide Computer-Assisted Tomographies,Radionuclide Emission Computed Tomography,Scan, Radionuclide CAT,Scan, Radionuclide CT,Scans, Radionuclide CAT,Scans, Radionuclide CT,Tomographic Scintigraphy, Computed,Tomographies, Radionuclide Computer-Assisted,Tomography, Computed Radionuclide,Tomography, Emission Computed,Tomography, Radionuclide Computed,Tomography, Radionuclide Computer-Assisted,Tomography, Radionuclide Computerized,Tomography, Radionuclide-Emission Computed
D015306	Biogenic Monoamines	Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of natural amino acids.	Monoamines, Biogenic