Laforin is a cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase. 2001

B A Minassian, and D M Andrade, and L Ianzano, and E J Young, and E Chan, and C A Ackerley, and S W Scherer
Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Lafora disease (LD) is the only progressive myoclonus epilepsy with polyglucosan bodies. Among conditions with polyglucosan bodies, LD is unique for the subcellular location of its polyglucosans in neuronal perikarya and dendrites and not in axons. Here we report that the protein encoded by the EPM2A gene, which is mutated in LD, localizes at the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum and that it is a functional protein tyrosine phosphatase. The significance of these findings in the epilepsy of LD and in the origin and characteristic subcellular location of Lafora bodies is discussed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002462 Cell Membrane The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Plasma Membrane,Cytoplasmic Membrane,Cell Membranes,Cytoplasmic Membranes,Membrane, Cell,Membrane, Cytoplasmic,Membrane, Plasma,Membranes, Cell,Membranes, Cytoplasmic,Membranes, Plasma,Plasma Membranes
D004721 Endoplasmic Reticulum A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) Ergastoplasm,Reticulum, Endoplasmic
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000690 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94) ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Lou Gehrig Disease,Motor Neuron Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis With Dementia,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Guam Form,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex 1,Charcot Disease,Dementia With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Gehrig's Disease,Guam Disease,Guam Form of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Lou Gehrig's Disease,Lou-Gehrigs Disease,ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Parkinsonism Dementia Complex 1,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinsonism Dementia Complex of Guam,Disease, Guam,Disease, Lou-Gehrigs,Gehrig Disease,Gehrigs Disease,Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral
D017027 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases An enzyme group that specifically dephosphorylates phosphotyrosyl residues in selected proteins. Together with PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE, it regulates tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in cellular signal transduction and may play a role in cell growth control and carcinogenesis. Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase,Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatase,Tyrosyl Phosphoprotein Phosphatase,PTPase,Phosphotyrosyl Protein Phosphatase,Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase,Phosphatase, Phosphotyrosine,Phosphatase, Phosphotyrosyl Protein,Phosphatase, Protein-Tyrosine,Phosphatase, Tyrosyl Phosphoprotein,Phosphatases, Protein Tyrosine,Phosphoprotein Phosphatase, Tyrosyl,Protein Phosphatase, Phosphotyrosyl,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase,Tyrosine Phosphatases, Protein
D054558 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor A subcategory of protein tyrosine phosphatases that occur in the CYTOPLASM. Many of the proteins in this category play a role in intracellular signal transduction. Non-Transmembrane Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases,Non Transmembrane Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non Receptor
D020191 Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive A heterogeneous group of primarily familial EPILEPSY disorders characterized by myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, ataxia, progressive intellectual deterioration, and neuronal degeneration. These include LAFORA DISEASE; MERRF SYNDROME; NEURONAL CEROID-LIPOFUSCINOSIS; sialidosis (see MUCOLIPIDOSES), and UNVERRICHT-LUNDBORG SYNDROME. Action Myoclonus-Renal Failure Syndrome,Biotin-Responsive Encephalopathy,Dentatorubral-Pallidoluysian Atrophy,May-White Syndrome,Ataxia, Chorea, Seizures, And Dementia,Atypical Inclusion-Body Disease,Familial Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy,Haw River Syndrome,Myoclonic Epilepsy, Progressive,Myoclonus-Nephropathy Syndrome,Naito Oyanagi Disease,Naito-Oyanagi Disease,Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy,Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsies,Action Myoclonus Renal Failure Syndrome,Atrophies, Dentatorubral-Pallidoluysian,Atrophy, Dentatorubral-Pallidoluysian,Atypical Inclusion Body Disease,Atypical Inclusion-Body Diseases,Biotin Responsive Encephalopathy,Biotin-Responsive Encephalopathies,Dentatorubral Pallidoluysian Atrophy,Dentatorubral-Pallidoluysian Atrophies,Encephalopathies, Biotin-Responsive,Encephalopathy, Biotin-Responsive,Epilepsies, Progressive Myoclonic,Epilepsies, Progressive Myoclonus,Epilepsy, Progressive Myoclonic,Epilepsy, Progressive Myoclonus,Haw River Syndromes,Inclusion-Body Disease, Atypical,Inclusion-Body Diseases, Atypical,May White Syndrome,Myoclonus Epilepsies, Progressive,Myoclonus Nephropathy Syndrome,Myoclonus-Nephropathy Syndromes,Naito-Oyanagi Diseases,Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsies,Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy,River Syndromes, Haw,Syndromes, Myoclonus-Nephropathy

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