Adult rabbits were inoculated with liver homogenate from a rabbit that died in a Japanese outbreak of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). All experimentally infected rabbits died with typical clinical, gross and histological findings of RHD. Distribution of RHD virus in tissues of the infected rabbits was studied by non-isotopic in-situ hybridization. Both viral plus- and minus-strand RNAs were detected within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and splenic and alveolar macrophages, mainly in morphologically intact cells. Strand-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction also demonstrated viral minus-strand RNA as well as plus-strand RNA in the liver, lung and spleen of infected rabbits. These results suggest that viral replication occurs not only in hepatocytes but also in macrophages. The infected macrophages may contribute to viral dissemination in RHD.