Exposure to nitroglycerine and nitroglycol in the explosives industry is suspected of having caused isolated cases of sudden death. There have also been suggestions of an increased risk of chronic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among dynamite workers. This study examines the mortality experience of a cohort of male workers from a small Swedish dynamite industry. Cause-, sex-, age-, and calendar-year-specific national incidence rates were used to calculate the expected number of deaths in a group of individuals with exposure to the dynamite manufacturing process and in an unexposed group from the same industry. During the period 1965-77, nine deaths from cardiocerebrovascular diseases were observed, versus 4.5 expected (p less than 0.05), among men with at least one year of exposure to dynamite and 20 years of induction-latency time. The unexposed group had a mortality pattern in good agreement with the national average. Exposure occurred by inhalation as well as through the skin. Precautions are urged to diminish exposure from both these absorption routes as the findings of the study support earlier reports regarding chronic vascular effects.