Biomaterial Database

Inhibition of gastric emptying is a physiological action of cholecystokinin. 1975

H T Debas, and O Farooq, and M I Grossman

This study was designed to determine whether cholecystokinin (CCK) plays a physiological role in the inhibition of gastric emptying. Physiological conditions were simulated by giving CCK by continuous intravenous infusion rather than by bolus injection, by using doses known to be distinctly submaximal for pancreatic protein secretion, and for gallbladder contraction, and by releasing endogenous CCK. The rate of gastric emptying was determined in 4 dogs with gastric fistulas by measuring the volume of fluid remaining in the stomach 10 min after instillation of 300 ml of 0.15 M NaCl. Rate of emptying was studied during intravenous infusion of saline (control) and of different doses of 98% pure CCK, commerically available 20% pure CCK, synthetic COOH-terminal octapeptide of CCK (OP-CCK), pentagastrin, and heptadecapeptide gastrin. The effect of endogenously released CCK was studied by measuring the rate of emptying of solutions in which different concentrations of tryptophan replaced equiosmolar amounts of NaCl. The d50's of 20% pure CCK (3 U kg minus-1 hr minus-1) and of OP-CCK (125 ng kg minus-1 hr minus-1) for inhibition of gastric emptying were about the same as their D50's for cholecystokinetic and pancreozyminic actions. By contrast, although both pentagastrin and heptadecapeptide gastrin inhibited gastric emptying, the doses required for this action were much higher than the D50's required for stimulation of gastric acid secretion. The effectiveness of OP-CCK indicates that inhibition of gastric emptying is attributable to CCK itself and not to an impurity in the CCK preparation. We have confirmed this directly by showing that pure CCK is a potent inhibitor of gastric emptying. Tryptophan also inhibited gastric emptying. In other dogs pancreatic protein secretion and gallbladder contraction were shown to be stimulated during the time tryptophan was inhibiting gastric emptying. This evidence supports the view that inhibition of gastric emptying is one of the physiological actions of CCK, but in the case of gastrin it must be regarded as a pharmacological action.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007263	Infusions, Parenteral	The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.	Intra-Abdominal Infusions,Intraperitoneal Infusions,Parenteral Infusions,Peritoneal Infusions,Infusion, Intra-Abdominal,Infusion, Intraperitoneal,Infusion, Parenteral,Infusion, Peritoneal,Infusions, Intra-Abdominal,Infusions, Intraperitoneal,Infusions, Peritoneal,Intra Abdominal Infusions,Intra-Abdominal Infusion,Intraperitoneal Infusion,Parenteral Infusion,Peritoneal Infusion
D010179	Pancreas	A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.
D010418	Pentagastrin	A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	Acignost,Gastrin Pentapeptide,Peptavlon,Pentapeptide, Gastrin
D011506	Proteins	Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.	Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D002766	Cholecystokinin	A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	Pancreozymin,CCK-33,Cholecystokinin 33,Uropancreozymin
D003864	Depression, Chemical	The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.	Chemical Depression,Chemical Depressions,Depressions, Chemical
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D005402	Fistula	Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	Fistulas
D005704	Gallbladder	A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.	Gallbladders
D005755	Gastrins	A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	Gastrin