Biomaterial Database

Systematic review of combination antiretroviral therapy with didanosine plus hydroxyurea: a partial solution to Africa's HIV/AIDS problem? 2001

I Sanne, and R A Smego, and B V Mendelow

Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Witwaterswand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.

Effective antiretroviral therapy remains beyond the reach of most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons living in the third world because of its tremendous cost. The cancer drug, hydroxyurea, inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro and, when combined with didanosine (ddI), results in significant antiretroviral synergy. In vivo, hydroxyurea specifically targets quiescent lymphocytes and macrophages, important cellular reservoirs for HIV-1, and the combination of ddI plus hydroxyurea effectively reduces plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. Combination ddI-hydroxyurea costs about one-eighth as much as currently recommended triple drug combinations, and several countries in Africa are exploring the feasibility of widescale use of ddI-hydroxyurea for their HIV-infected populations. Intrigued by its potential relevance for Africa, the authors reviewed the literature on the in vitro and clinical efficacy of ddI plus hydroxyurea against HIV. The combination of ddI plus hydroxyurea is an effective and potentially more affordable regimen for HIV-infected persons living in poorer countries.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D004359	Drug Therapy, Combination	Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.	Combination Chemotherapy,Polychemotherapy,Chemotherapy, Combination,Combination Drug Therapy,Drug Polytherapy,Therapy, Combination Drug,Chemotherapies, Combination,Combination Chemotherapies,Combination Drug Therapies,Drug Polytherapies,Drug Therapies, Combination,Polychemotherapies,Polytherapies, Drug,Polytherapy, Drug,Therapies, Combination Drug
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006918	Hydroxyurea	An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.	Hydroxycarbamid,Hydrea,Oncocarbide
D000349	Africa	The continent south of EUROPE, east of the ATLANTIC OCEAN and west of the INDIAN OCEAN.
D015215	Zidovudine	A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.	AZT (Antiviral),Azidothymidine,3'-Azido-2',3'-Dideoxythymidine,3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine,AZT Antiviral,AZT, Antiviral,BW A509U,BWA-509U,Retrovir,3' Azido 2',3' Dideoxythymidine,3' Azido 3' deoxythymidine,Antiviral AZT,BWA 509U,BWA509U
D015658	HIV Infections	Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	HTLV-III Infections,HTLV-III-LAV Infections,T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,HIV Coinfection,Coinfection, HIV,Coinfections, HIV,HIV Coinfections,HIV Infection,HTLV III Infections,HTLV III LAV Infections,HTLV-III Infection,HTLV-III-LAV Infection,Infection, HIV,Infection, HTLV-III,Infection, HTLV-III-LAV,Infections, HIV,Infections, HTLV-III,Infections, HTLV-III-LAV,T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human
D016049	Didanosine	A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.	2',3'-Dideoxyinosine,Dideoxyinosine,ddI (Antiviral),NSC-612049,Videx,2',3' Dideoxyinosine,NSC 612049,NSC612049
D016239	MEDLINE	The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).	Index Medicus
D016896	Treatment Outcome	Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.	Rehabilitation Outcome,Treatment Effectiveness,Clinical Effectiveness,Clinical Efficacy,Patient-Relevant Outcome,Treatment Efficacy,Effectiveness, Clinical,Effectiveness, Treatment,Efficacy, Clinical,Efficacy, Treatment,Outcome, Patient-Relevant,Outcome, Rehabilitation,Outcome, Treatment,Outcomes, Patient-Relevant,Patient Relevant Outcome,Patient-Relevant Outcomes
D018791	CD4 Lymphocyte Count	The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.	Lymphocyte Count, CD4,T4 Lymphocyte Count,CD4 Cell Counts,CD4 Counts,CD4+ Cell Counts,CD4+ Counts,CD4 Cell Count,CD4 Count,CD4 Lymphocyte Counts,CD4+ Cell Count,CD4+ Count,Count, T4 Lymphocyte,Counts, T4 Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte Count, T4,Lymphocyte Counts, CD4,Lymphocyte Counts, T4,T4 Lymphocyte Counts