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The addiction potential of anabolic steroids remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate voluntary oral testosterone intake in hamsters. Using a 2-bottle choice test, males preferred an aqueous solution of 200 microg/ml testosterone over vehicle. However, the taste of testosterone is not highly preferred. Addition of testosterone at 400 microg/ml increased fluid consumption from the nonpreferred bottle in a 2-bottle choice test, but cholesterol at the same concentration reduced drinking, suggesting that testosterone reward is not common to all sterols. With food-induced drinking, testosterone maintained fluid intake when food was withdrawn. These data demonstrate that oral self-administration of testosterone is reinforcing in hamsters, suggesting the potential for dependence in human users.
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
May 2002,
Hormones and behavior,
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
October 2004,
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior,
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
September 2004,
Behavioural brain research,
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
April 2006,
Hormones and behavior,
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
December 1947,
Medical woman's journal,
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
December 1985,
The science reports of the research institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. C, Medicine. Tohoku Daigaku,
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
April 1979,
Hormones and behavior,
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
June 1981,
Physiology & behavior,
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
May 2014,
Neuroreport,
L R Johnson, and
R I Wood
March 2013,
Endocrinology,
