Biomaterial Database

A membrane metabolon linking carbonic anhydrase with chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers. 2001

R A Reithmeier

Department of Medicine, Room 7344, CIHR Group in Membrane Biology, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. r.reithmeier@utoronto.ca

The erythrocyte Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger (AE1, Band 3) and the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyze interconnected processes involved in bicarbonate metabolism. The high activity form of carbonic anhydrase, CAII binds to an acidic motif located within the carboxyl-terminal tail of anion exchangers via its basic amino-terminal region. CAII is thereby positioned at the cytosolic surface of the membrane, ideally placed to catalyze CO2 hydration and to channel bicarbonate to or from the anion exchanger. This association of a soluble enzyme and a membrane transporter may be an example of a metabolon, a weakly associated complex of sequential metabolic enzymes.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009097	Multienzyme Complexes	Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.	Complexes, Multienzyme
D011485	Protein Binding	The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.	Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D002256	Carbonic Anhydrases	A family of zinc-containing enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They play an important role in the transport of CARBON DIOXIDE from the tissues to the LUNG. EC 4.2.1.1.	Carbonate Dehydratase,Carbonic Anhydrase,Anhydrases, Carbonic,Dehydratase, Carbonate
D004910	Erythrocyte Membrane	The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.	Erythrocyte Ghost,Red Cell Cytoskeleton,Red Cell Ghost,Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton,Cytoskeleton, Erythrocyte,Cytoskeleton, Red Cell,Erythrocyte Cytoskeletons,Erythrocyte Ghosts,Erythrocyte Membranes,Ghost, Erythrocyte,Ghost, Red Cell,Membrane, Erythrocyte,Red Cell Cytoskeletons,Red Cell Ghosts
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D017434	Protein Structure, Tertiary	The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (ALPHA HELICES; BETA SHEETS; loop regions, and AMINO ACID MOTIFS) pack together to form folded shapes. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure.	Tertiary Protein Structure,Protein Structures, Tertiary,Tertiary Protein Structures
D017920	Antiporters	Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.	Anion Exchange Proteins,Antiporter,Cation Exchange Proteins,Anion Exchangers (Proteins),Cation Exchangers (Proteins),Exchange Proteins, Anion,Exchange Proteins, Cation
D027963	Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters	Electroneutral chloride bicarbonate exchangers that allow the exchange of BICARBONATE IONS exchange for CHLORIDE IONS across the cellular membrane. The action of specific antiporters in this class serve important functions such as allowing the efficient exchange of bicarbonate across red blood cell membranes as they passage through capillaries and the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by the kidney.	AE Proteins,AE2 Anion Exchanger,AE2 Chloride-Bicarbonate Exchanger,AE3 Anion Exchanger,AE4 Anion Exchanger,Anion Exchange Protein 2,Anion Exchange Protein 3,Anion Exchange Protein 4,Anion Exchanger 2,Anion Exchanger 3,Anion Exchanger 4,Bicarbonate-Chloride Antiport,Cardiac Brain Band 3-Like Protein,Chloride-Bicarbonate Exchanger,Chloride-Bicarbonate Exchangers,Cl(-)-HCO3(-)-Exchanger,Cl- HCO3- Exchanger,Cl- HCO3- Exchangers,Neuronal Band 3-Like Protein,Non-Erythroid Band 3-Like Protein,SLC4A2 Protein,SLC4A3 Protein,SLC4A9 Protein,Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter 5,Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 2,Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 3,Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 9,Solute Carrier Family 4, Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter, Member 9,AE2 Chloride Bicarbonate Exchanger,Anion Exchanger, AE2,Anion Exchanger, AE3,Anion Exchanger, AE4,Antiport, Bicarbonate-Chloride,Antiporters, Chloride-Bicarbonate,Bicarbonate Chloride Antiport,Cardiac Brain Band 3 Like Protein,Chloride Bicarbonate Antiporters,Chloride Bicarbonate Exchanger,Chloride Bicarbonate Exchangers,Chloride-Bicarbonate Exchanger, AE2,Cl HCO3 Exchanger,Cl HCO3 Exchangers,Exchanger, Chloride-Bicarbonate,Exchangers, Chloride-Bicarbonate,Exchangers, Cl- HCO3-,HCO3- Exchangers, Cl-,Neuronal Band 3 Like Protein,Non Erythroid Band 3 Like Protein,Protein, SLC4A2,Protein, SLC4A3,Protein, SLC4A9,Proteins, AE