Biomaterial Database

The neuro-ophthalmologic examination (including coma). 2001

G T Liu, and S L Galetta

Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Ophthalmologic practice requires a solid foundation in the principles and interpretation of the neuro-ophthalmologic examination. This article reviews the techniques used in the neuro-ophthalmologic examination to assess visual acuity, ocular motility, visual fields, the pupils, the eyelids, and the fundus. The neuro-ophthalmological examination in comatose patients is also reviewed. Neuro-ophthalmic techniques are paramount in the assessment of comatose patients, especially with regard to brainstem localization and diagnosis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009887	Ophthalmoscopy	Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.	Ophthalmoscopies
D003118	Color Perception	Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.	Color Perceptions,Perception, Color,Perceptions, Color
D003128	Coma	A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	Comatose,Pseudocoma,Comas,Pseudocomas
D003941	Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological	Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.	Diagnostic Technic, Ophthalmological,Diagnostic Technics, Ophthalmologic,Diagnostic Technics, Ophthalmological,Diagnostic Technique, Ophthalmological,Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmologic,Ophthalmological Diagnostic Technic,Ophthalmological Diagnostic Technics,Ophthalmological Diagnostic Technique,Ophthalmological Diagnostic Techniques,Technic, Ophthalmological Diagnostic,Technics, Ophthalmological Diagnostic,Technique, Ophthalmological Diagnostic,Techniques, Ophthalmological Diagnostic,Diagnostic Technic, Ophthalmologic,Diagnostic Technique, Ophthalmologic,Ophthalmologic Diagnostic Technic,Ophthalmologic Diagnostic Technics,Ophthalmologic Diagnostic Technique,Ophthalmologic Diagnostic Techniques,Technic, Ophthalmologic Diagnostic,Technics, Ophthalmologic Diagnostic,Technique, Ophthalmologic Diagnostic,Techniques, Ophthalmologic Diagnostic
D003943	Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological	Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system, central and peripheral, or demonstration of neurologic function or dysfunction.	Diagnostic Technic, Neurological,Diagnostic Technics, Neurologic,Diagnostic Technics, Neurological,Diagnostic Technique, Neurological,Diagnostic Techniques, Neurologic,Neurological Diagnostic Technic,Neurological Diagnostic Technics,Neurological Diagnostic Technique,Neurological Diagnostic Techniques,Technic, Neurological Diagnostic,Technics, Neurological Diagnostic,Technique, Neurological Diagnostic,Techniques, Neurological Diagnostic,Diagnostic Technic, Neurologic,Diagnostic Technique, Neurologic,Neurologic Diagnostic Technic,Neurologic Diagnostic Technics,Neurologic Diagnostic Technique,Neurologic Diagnostic Techniques,Technic, Neurologic Diagnostic,Technics, Neurologic Diagnostic,Technique, Neurologic Diagnostic,Techniques, Neurologic Diagnostic
D005128	Eye Diseases	Diseases affecting the eye.	Eye Disorders,Eye Disease,Eye Disorder
D005133	Eye Movements	Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.	Eye Movement,Movement, Eye,Movements, Eye
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014792	Visual Acuity	Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.	Acuities, Visual,Acuity, Visual,Visual Acuities
D014794	Visual Fields	The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.	Field, Visual,Fields, Visual,Visual Field