-transparent.png){kind=logo}
OBJECTIVE Given the observations that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can present antigens to CD4(+) T lymphocytes and that professional antigen-presenting cells secrete exosomes (antigen-presenting vesicles), we hypothesized that IECs may secrete exosomes carrying molecules implicated in antigen presentation, which may be able to cross the basement membrane and convey immune information to noncontiguous immune cells. METHODS Human IEC lines HT29-19A and T84-DRB1*0401/CIITA were grown on microporous filters. Release of exosomes under basal or inflammatory conditions was evaluated in conditioned apical and basolateral media after differential ultracentrifugations. Morphologic and biochemical characterization of exosomes was performed using immunoelectron microscopy, Western blotting, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS The intestinal cell lines released 30-90-nm-diameter vesicles from the apical and basolateral sides, and this release was significantly increased in the presence of interferon gamma. MHC class I, MHC class II, CD63, CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, and A33 antigen were present in epithelial-derived exosomes. CONCLUSIONS; Human IEC lines secrete exosomes bearing accessory molecules that may be involved in antigen presentation. These data are consistent with a model in which IECs may influence antigen presentation in the mucosal or systemic immune system independent of direct cellular contact with effector cells.
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
February 2019,
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology,
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
January 2013,
Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark),
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
September 2022,
Journal of extracellular vesicles,
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
January 2021,
Toxicology and applied pharmacology,
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
January 2014,
BMC cancer,
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
January 2020,
Theranostics,
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
March 2012,
Anticancer research,
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
June 2019,
ImmunoHorizons,
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
April 2022,
Journal of extracellular vesicles,
G van Niel, and
G Raposo, and
C Candalh, and
M Boussac, and
R Hershberg, and
N Cerf-Bensussan, and
M Heyman
January 2013,
Methods in enzymology,
