Polygraphic investigation of 24-h waking distribution in infants. 2001

F Giganti, and I Fagioli, and G Ficca, and P Salzarulo
Department of Psychology, University of Florence, Via San Niccolò 93, 50125, Florence, Italy.

An evening forbidden zone for sleep has been shown for adults. This research was aimed to ascertain the prevalence of waking in the evening in early development. Twelve infants, aged between 2 weeks and 11 months 3 weeks, were each recorded once over a 24-h period. Recordings included EEG, EOG, EMG, respiration, ECG, and behavioural observation. Four states were defined by combining behavioural and electrophysiological data. Wakefulness was defined by the presence of eyes open, eye movements and additionally body movements, and irregular respiration. In infants younger than 12 months and a half, a greater amount of wakefulness was observed in the time interval between 17 and 20. Older infants show uniform high amount of wakefulness during daytime. Our data corroborate the hypothesis that evening hours are those most frequently characterised by the behavioural waking state, suggesting that a forbidden zone for sleep exists in development and that its time placement corresponds to the one observed in the adult.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007223 Infant A child between 1 and 23 months of age. Infants
D007231 Infant, Newborn An infant during the first 28 days after birth. Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D008297 Male Males
D004562 Electrocardiography Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY. 12-Lead ECG,12-Lead EKG,12-Lead Electrocardiography,Cardiography,ECG,EKG,Electrocardiogram,Electrocardiograph,12 Lead ECG,12 Lead EKG,12 Lead Electrocardiography,12-Lead ECGs,12-Lead EKGs,12-Lead Electrocardiographies,Cardiographies,ECG, 12-Lead,EKG, 12-Lead,Electrocardiograms,Electrocardiographies, 12-Lead,Electrocardiographs,Electrocardiography, 12-Lead
D004569 Electroencephalography Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain. EEG,Electroencephalogram,Electroencephalograms
D004576 Electromyography Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes. Electromyogram,Surface Electromyography,Electromyograms,Electromyographies,Electromyographies, Surface,Electromyography, Surface,Surface Electromyographies
D004585 Electrooculography Recording of the average amplitude of the resting potential arising between the cornea and the retina in light and dark adaptation as the eyes turn a standard distance to the right and the left. The increase in potential with light adaptation is used to evaluate the condition of the retinal pigment epithelium. EOG,Electrooculograms,Electrooculogram
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012890 Sleep A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility. Sleep Habits,Sleeping Habit,Sleeping Habits,Habit, Sleep,Habit, Sleeping,Habits, Sleep,Habits, Sleeping,Sleep Habit

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