Biomaterial Database

Restriction and modification systems of ruminal bacteria. 2001

P Pristas, and V Molnárová, and P Javorský

Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.

A high frequency of type II restriction endonuclease activities was detected in Selenomonas ruminantium but not in other rumen bacteria tested. Eight different restriction endonucleases were characterized in 17 strains coming from genetically homogeneous local population. Chromosomal DNA isolated from S. ruminantium strains was found to be refractory to cleavage by various restriction enzymes, implying the presence of methylase activities additional to those required for protection against the cellular endonucleases. The presence of Dam methylation was detected in S. ruminantium strains as well as in several other species belonging to the Sporomusa subbranch of low G + C Gram-positive bacteria (Megasphaera elsdenii, Mitsuokella multiacidus).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D003670	Deer	The family Cervidae of 17 genera and 45 species occurring nearly throughout North America, South America, and Eurasia, on most associated continental islands, and in northern Africa. Wild populations of deer have been established through introduction by people in Cuba, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and other places where the family does not naturally occur. They are slim, long-legged and best characterized by the presence of antlers. Their habitat is forests, swamps, brush country, deserts, and arctic tundra. They are usually good swimmers; some migrate seasonally. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1362)	Deers
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012417	Rumen	The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)	Rumens
D015280	DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes	Systems consisting of two enzymes, a modification methylase and a restriction endonuclease. They are closely related in their specificity and protect the DNA of a given bacterial species. The methylase adds methyl groups to adenine or cytosine residues in the same target sequence that constitutes the restriction enzyme binding site. The methylation renders the target site resistant to restriction, thereby protecting DNA against cleavage.	DNA Restriction Modification Enzyme,DNA Restriction-Modification Enzyme,Restriction Modification System,Restriction-Modification System,Restriction-Modification Systems,DNA Restriction Modification Enzymes,Restriction Modification Systems,Enzyme, DNA Restriction-Modification,Enzymes, DNA Restriction-Modification,Modification System, Restriction,Modification Systems, Restriction,Restriction-Modification Enzyme, DNA,Restriction-Modification Enzymes, DNA,System, Restriction Modification,System, Restriction-Modification,Systems, Restriction Modification,Systems, Restriction-Modification
D016965	Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods	A group of anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the Gram-staining method.	Gram Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods
D016985	Streptococcus bovis	A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other ruminants. It occasionally is encountered in cases of human endocarditis. This species is nonhemolytic.	Streptococcus equinus
D020357	Selenomonas	Curved bacteria, usually crescent-shaped rods, with ends often tapered, occurring singly, in pairs, or short chains. They are non-encapsulated, non-sporing, motile, and ferment glucose. Selenomonas are found mainly in the human buccal cavity, the rumen of herbivores, and the cecum of pigs and several rodents. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)	Selenomonas ruminantium