-transparent.png){kind=logo}
OBJECTIVE To determine the location of parasympathetic neurons that innervate the meibomian glands in rats. METHODS The B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB), fast blue, and a retrograde transneuronal tracer, the Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV-Ba), were injected into the upper eyelids of adult Sprague-Dawley rats after sectioning the ipsilateral branches of the facial nerve and resecting the superior cervical ganglia. Brains and orbital tissues were processed for the immunohistochemical detection of PRV-Ba and CTB. In selected cases, series of brain sections were double labeled for PRV-Ba and tyrosine hydroxylase to determine the relationship between the A5 noradrenergic cell group and superior salivatory nucleus, or for PRV-Ba and choline acetyltransferase to establish the neurochemical phenotype of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. RESULTS Labeled ganglionic cells were diffusely distributed within the ipsilateral pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) and along the more proximal portions of the greater petrosal nerve (GPN). Labeled preganglionic neurons were cholinergic and were located immediately dorsolateral to the rostral-most portion of the facial nucleus and caudal superior olive, where they intermingled with A5 noradrenergic cells. CONCLUSIONS The meibomian glands and other structures within the lid margin are subject to parasympathetic regulation by ganglion cells diffusely distributed within the PPG and along more proximal portions of the GPN. Cholinergic parasympathetic preganglionic neurons that project to meibomian gland-innervating ganglion cells are located immediately lateral, dorsal, and rostral to the facial motor nucleus in the region commonly referred to as the superior salivatory nucleus.
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
October 1959,
The Anatomical record,
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
January 1955,
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences,
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
January 2021,
Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft,
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
November 2012,
European journal of histochemistry : EJH,
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
January 1974,
Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal,
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
August 1991,
Brain research,
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
October 2009,
Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft,
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
January 1993,
Cerebrovascular and brain metabolism reviews,
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
June 1969,
Arkhiv anatomii, gistologii i embriologii,
M S LeDoux, and
Q Zhou, and
R B Murphy, and
M L Greene, and
P Ryan
January 1961,
Philippine journal of surgery and surgical specialties,
