The Caribbean Primate Research Center recently contracted with the Food and Drug Administration to establish a free-ranging island breeding colony of rhesus monkeys. The goal of the program is to produce 600 to 800 offspring yearly from 1,000 breeding age females. The initial colony stock will consist of approximately 360 animals from an existing colony that was established on an island off the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico in 1961. Expansion of the colony will be accomplished by the purchase and introduction of rhesus females obtained from the wild. The colony site, reproductive history, composition, and the methodology of our expansion plans are discussed. In addition, anticipated problems are identified and analyzed.