Biomaterial Database

A genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for genes affecting UV radiation sensitivity. 2001

G W Birrell, and G Giaever, and A M Chu, and R W Davis, and J M Brown

Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

The recent completion of the deletion of essentially all of the ORFs in yeast is an important new resource for identifying the phenotypes of unknown genes. Each ORF is replaced with a cassette containing unique tag sequences that allow rapid parallel analysis of strains in a pool by using hybridization to a high-density oligonucleotide array. We examined the utility of this system to identify genes conferring resistance to UV irradiation by using a pool of 4,627 individual homozygous deletion strains (representing deletions of all nonessential genes). We identified most of the nonessential genes previously shown to be involved in nucleotide excision repair, in cell cycle checkpoints, in homologous recombination, and in postreplication repair after UV damage. We also identified and individually confirmed, by replacing the genes, three new genes, to our knowledge not previously reported to confer UV sensitivity when deleted. Two of these newly identified genes have human orthologs associated with cancer, demonstrating the potential of this system to uncover human genes affecting sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and genes potentially involved in cancer formation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011836	Radiation Tolerance	The ability of some cells or tissues to survive lethal doses of IONIZING RADIATION. Tolerance depends on the species, cell type, and physical and chemical variables, including RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS and RADIATION-SENSITIZING AGENTS.	Radiation Sensitivity,Radiosensitivity,Sensitivity, Radiation,Tolerance, Radiation,Radiation Sensitivities,Radiation Tolerances,Radiosensitivities,Sensitivities, Radiation,Tolerances, Radiation
D004249	DNA Damage	Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.	DNA Injury,DNA Lesion,DNA Lesions,Genotoxic Stress,Stress, Genotoxic,Injury, DNA,DNA Injuries
D012441	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.	Baker's Yeast,Brewer's Yeast,Candida robusta,S. cerevisiae,Saccharomyces capensis,Saccharomyces italicus,Saccharomyces oviformis,Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus,Yeast, Baker's,Yeast, Brewer's,Baker Yeast,S cerevisiae,Baker's Yeasts,Yeast, Baker
D014466	Ultraviolet Rays	That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.	Actinic Rays,Black Light, Ultraviolet,UV Light,UV Radiation,Ultra-Violet Rays,Ultraviolet Light,Ultraviolet Radiation,Actinic Ray,Light, UV,Light, Ultraviolet,Radiation, UV,Radiation, Ultraviolet,Ray, Actinic,Ray, Ultra-Violet,Ray, Ultraviolet,Ultra Violet Rays,Ultra-Violet Ray,Ultraviolet Black Light,Ultraviolet Black Lights,Ultraviolet Radiations,Ultraviolet Ray
D016366	Open Reading Frames	A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).	ORFs,Protein Coding Region,Small Open Reading Frame,Small Open Reading Frames,sORF,Unassigned Reading Frame,Unassigned Reading Frames,Unidentified Reading Frame,Coding Region, Protein,Frame, Unidentified Reading,ORF,Open Reading Frame,Protein Coding Regions,Reading Frame, Open,Reading Frame, Unassigned,Reading Frame, Unidentified,Region, Protein Coding,Unidentified Reading Frames
D020411	Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis	Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.	DNA Microarrays,Gene Expression Microarray Analysis,Oligonucleotide Arrays,cDNA Microarrays,DNA Arrays,DNA Chips,DNA Microchips,Gene Chips,Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis,Oligonucleotide Microarrays,Sequence Analysis, Oligonucleotide Array,cDNA Arrays,Array, DNA,Array, Oligonucleotide,Array, cDNA,Arrays, DNA,Arrays, Oligonucleotide,Arrays, cDNA,Chip, DNA,Chip, Gene,Chips, DNA,Chips, Gene,DNA Array,DNA Chip,DNA Microarray,DNA Microchip,Gene Chip,Microarray, DNA,Microarray, Oligonucleotide,Microarray, cDNA,Microarrays, DNA,Microarrays, Oligonucleotide,Microarrays, cDNA,Microchip, DNA,Microchips, DNA,Oligonucleotide Array,Oligonucleotide Microarray,cDNA Array,cDNA Microarray