Biomaterial Database

City and country in German psychiatry in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries - the example of Freiburg. 1999

C R Prull

Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Germany.

The situation (geography, topography) of asylums played an important role in German psychiatry during the last two centuries. In the first half of the nineteenth century asylums were built in the countryside. Although their establishment was partly driven by a bourgeois effort towards reform it was also still underpinned by the old autocratic ideas in respect to social ranking and by patriarchal medical concepts. Yet university psychiatry along the lines of Wilhelm Griesinger (1817-1868) was city-oriented. University psychiatry seemed to satisfy the needs of a modern industrialized state more effectively, but asylum psychiatry in Bismarckian and Wilhelmine times on the other hand corresponded strongly to the needs of the hierachical state. The history of the psychiatric hospital of the University of Freiburg illustrates how critical the dualism of country-oriented versus city-oriented psychiatry was for twentieth-century German psychiatry.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D005843	Geography	The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)	Factor, Geographic,Factors, Geographic,Geographic Factor,Geographic Factors,Geography, Human,Human Geography
D005858	Germany	A country in central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark. The capital is Berlin.
D006778	Hospitals, Psychiatric	Special hospitals which provide care to the mentally ill patient.	Mental Hospitals,Hospitals, Mental,Mental Institutions,Psychiatric Hospitals,Hospital, Mental,Hospital, Psychiatric,Institution, Mental,Institutions, Mental,Mental Hospital,Mental Institution,Psychiatric Hospital
D049672	History, 19th Century	Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.	19th Century History,19th Cent. History (Medicine),19th Cent. History of Medicine,19th Cent. Medicine,Historical Events, 19th Century,History of Medicine, 19th Cent.,History, Nineteenth Century,Medical History, 19th Cent.,Medicine, 19th Cent.,19th Cent. Histories (Medicine),19th Century Histories,Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine),Cent. History, 19th (Medicine),Century Histories, 19th,Century Histories, Nineteenth,Century History, 19th,Century History, Nineteenth,Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine),Histories, 19th Century,Histories, Nineteenth Century,History, 19th Cent. (Medicine),Nineteenth Century Histories,Nineteenth Century History
D049673	History, 20th Century	Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.	20th Century History,20th Cent. History (Medicine),20th Cent. History of Medicine,20th Cent. Medicine,Historical Events, 20th Century,History of Medicine, 20th Cent.,History, Twentieth Century,Medical History, 20th Cent.,Medicine, 20th Cent.,20th Cent. Histories (Medicine),20th Century Histories,Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine),Cent. History, 20th (Medicine),Century Histories, 20th,Century Histories, Twentieth,Century History, 20th,Century History, Twentieth,Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine),Histories, 20th Century,Histories, Twentieth Century,History, 20th Cent. (Medicine),Twentieth Century Histories,Twentieth Century History
D019035	Rural Health Services	Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.	Health Services, Rural,Rural Health Center,Services, Rural Health,Center, Rural Health,Centers, Rural Health,Health Center, Rural,Health Centers, Rural,Health Service, Rural,Rural Health Centers,Rural Health Service,Service, Rural Health
D019037	Urban Health Services	Health services, public or private, in urban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.	Health Services, Urban,Services, Urban Health,Health Service, Urban,Service, Urban Health,Urban Health Service
D019371	Topography, Medical	The systematic surveying, mapping, charting, and description of specific geographical sites, with reference to the physical features that were presumed to influence health and disease. Medical topography should be differentiated from EPIDEMIOLOGY in that the former emphasizes geography whereas the latter emphasizes disease outbreaks.	Medical Topography