Biomaterial Database

Severely retarded children as impulsive responders: improved performance with response delay. 1975

P W Lowry, and L E Ross

A community school-project class of 15 severely retarded children showed a high negative relationship between errors and response latency (r = -.92) when tested on a task which required selection of the one of six line drawings that matched a standard. Fast incorrect (impulsive) responders on the matching task had previously been unsuccessful in receptive-language color discrimination training while slow correct (reflective) responders had been successful on the same task. The four most impulsive responders were given additional color discrimination training for an extended period under conditions where (a) a response could be made immediately (no-delay) or (b) a 5-second delay was imposed between presentation of the stimuli and the opportunity to respond (delay). Performance of all four children was at chance levels during periods of no-delay trials, but high performance levels (80 to 90 percent correct) were achieved when delay trials were given. Upon changing from delay to no-delay, subjects' performance again fell to chance levels. Implications for training programs were discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007175	Impulsive Behavior	An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a stimulus.	Impulsivity,Behavior, Impulsive,Behaviors, Impulsive,Impulsive Behaviors,Impulsivities
D008297	Male		Males
D008607	Intellectual Disability	Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	Disability, Intellectual,Idiocy,Mental Retardation,Retardation, Mental,Deficiency, Mental,Intellectual Development Disorder,Mental Deficiency,Mental Retardation, Psychosocial,Deficiencies, Mental,Development Disorder, Intellectual,Development Disorders, Intellectual,Disabilities, Intellectual,Disorder, Intellectual Development,Disorders, Intellectual Development,Intellectual Development Disorders,Intellectual Disabilities,Mental Deficiencies,Mental Retardations, Psychosocial,Psychosocial Mental Retardation,Psychosocial Mental Retardations,Retardation, Psychosocial Mental,Retardations, Psychosocial Mental
D011599	Psychopathology	The study of significant causes and processes in the development of mental illness.
D011930	Reaction Time	The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.	Response Latency,Response Speed,Response Time,Latency, Response,Reaction Times,Response Latencies,Response Times,Speed, Response,Speeds, Response
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D003118	Color Perception	Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.	Color Perceptions,Perception, Color,Perceptions, Color
D004193	Discrimination Learning	Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli.	Discriminative Learning,Discrimination Learnings,Discriminative Learnings,Learning, Discrimination,Learning, Discriminative
D005260	Female		Females
D005556	Form Perception	The sensory discrimination of a pattern, shape, or outline.	Contour Perception,Contour Perceptions,Form Perceptions,Perception, Contour,Perception, Form,Perceptions, Contour,Perceptions, Form